Browsing by Author "Encarnacion, Jose Jr."

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    An examination of the theory of types as a solution to the paradoxes
    (1954-08) Encarnacion, Jose Jr.; Pascual, Ricardo R.
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    Consumer demand functions: an empirical evaluation of alternative functional forms
    (1977-04) Pante, Filologo; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    Decision-making in the development bank of the Philippines: an empirical study
    (1969-03-20) Velasco, Virgilio T.; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    Determinants of direct foreign investment in the Philippines
    (1975-03) Tanchoco-Subido, Chita Irene; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    Economic-demographic interactions and the impact of investments in population control
    (1977-01) Paqueo, Vicente B.; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    Marital fertility and working wives in the Philippines: an economic analysis
    (1978-12) Canlas, Dante B.; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    Patterns of Thai public revenue and expenditure, 1951-1965
    (1967-10) Suratanavongkur, Jayathat; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
    This research paper studies the patterns of Thai revenue and expenditure for the past fifteen years, 1951-1965. It then considers the Philippines, Burma and other countries of different stages of economic development with respect to the allocation of national resources to various government service projects. Tentative conclusions were arrived at that can have some policy-implications to national planners of Thailand. A close analysis of Thai expenditure shows that, although the level of expenditure in terms of million baht has been on the upward trend, the national expenditure as a proportion to Gross National Product at factor cost fell below the "median" performance of other countries, especially in economic development, social services and slightly in general government. Since Thailand is essentially a military government, the expenditure for national defense is correspondingly high as compared to the "median" figure. In public debt, Thailand surpassed by twice as much the "median". On the overall performance, Thailand and the Philippines are still far from the median level. On the revenue side, foreign trade is the dominant provider of revenue (more than one half of the total) in terms of export and import taxes, while taxes on income and wealth contribute less than ten per cent, showing a regressive tax structure. Both Thailand and the Philippines exhibit regressiveness in the tax structure when compared to the "median" collection of other countries. Both countries were low in direct taxes, especially personal and corporate income taxes, while they are almost at "standard" performance with other countries when it comes to indirect taxes, such as import, excise and sales taxes. However, Thailand surpassed the "median" level in export taxes. On the overall performance, both Thailand and the Philippines are still below the median. In the fifteen years covered in the thesis, Thailand experienced deficit financing, so much so that the country resorted to public borrowings, from both foreign and domestic sources. Since the trend is towards increased levels of expenditures for development purposes, Thailand must aim for higher tax collections. In this direction, the government can explore the possibility of changing the tax structure into a more progressive form through more direct taxes instead of indirect taxes. This will shift the burden of taxation from the poor people to the high income group which has the ability to pay. To sum up, this paper presents a case study, using Thailand's experience, of national budgeting as a tool fort national development.
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    The development of non-bank financial institutions in the Philippines: importance and role
    (1971-12-17) Josue, Macario P.; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    The effect of family size on savings: a cross-sectional analysis
    (1971-07-23) Esguerra-Power, Victoria; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    Two essays on lexicographic preferences: genealogy and general equilibrium
    (1987-03) de Dios, Emmanuel S.; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    Underemployment in the Philippines as reflected in an urban barrio
    (1977-02) Tagunicar, Gerasimo A.; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
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    World demand for Philippine copra
    (1968-05) Sangtherapitikul, Anan; Encarnacion, Jose Jr.
    Philippine copra makes up more than 50% of copra traded in world markets. Sales of copra usually account for one-fourth of the Philippines' annual foreign exchange earnings. Philippine copra exports therefore deserve a thorough and careful study of its existing markets. The present study covers the period 1956-64. The purpose is to explore the role of Philippine copra in the world fats and oils market, to consider how the demand for Philippine copra operates in each importing country, and to make a comparison of concentration of demand for copra in main copra exporting countries. Relationships between some economic variables are estimated from published statistical data. Findings show that the demand for Philippine copra in the United States was mostly for inedible uses, as the demand for edible uses has been met by American soybeans. The replacement of soap by synthetic detergents partly explains the decline of Philippine copra exports to that market. On the other hand, end uses of Philippine copra in Western Europe were found mostly in edible products such as margarine and shortening. The growth of synthetic detergents had an imperceptible effect on Philippine copra because soap making in this area absorbed only a small percentage of total coconut oil used. The rising demand for coconut oil in industrial uses, together with a discriminatory import-tax on coconut oil and the absence of duties on copra, partly explained the expansion of Philippine copra exports to this market in recent years. Interestingly enough, the major competition to Philippine copra increasingly comes not from other copra producing countries but from a wide variety of substitutes, especially palm kernel and soybeans. This was partly because the demand for Philippine copra came mostly from industrialized countries, while the demand for the copra of competing countries was concentrated in neighboring Asian countries. Philippine copra export seems to have bright prospects for future expansion. Western Europe, which is the world's largest importer of vegetable oil and of Philippine copra, is still not self-sufficient in oil. Rising incomes and population in this area will stimulate further growth in the demand for oil. If measures will be taken to maintain a stable copra price and to improve the quality of copra, most of the rising world demand will be met chiefly by Philippine copra.