Browsing by Author "Estopin, Danica Loy"
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Item Restricted Spending for vehicle congestion in Metro Manila(2009-10) Estopin, Danica Loy; Umlas, Anna Jennifer L.; Solon, OrvilleVehicular congestion is a serious problem faced by urban cities because it increases transportation expenditures. In this study, we try to estimate the vehicular congestion cost per household in the National Capital Region (NCR). The Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIBS) in 2003 is used. However, the FIBS does not have a direct measure of vehicular congestion. As an alternative we use NCR relative to other regions as a proxy variable for congestion. Because the sample contains households with zero private transportation expenditures, the Heckman Selection model is used to regress the household private transportation expenditure with respect to its socio- demographic characteristics. The vehicular congestion cost is computed by getting the partial derivative with respect to NCR. The results show that congestion costs are highest among postgraduates.