Browsing by Author "Generalao, Ian Nicole A."

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    An analysis of the impact of free public secondary education act of 1988 (RA 6655) and the governance basic education act of 2001 (RA 9155) on high school enrollment and completion
    (2015) Devela, Zarina Pauline T.; Generalao, Ian Nicole A.; Solon, Orville Jose C.
    This study aims to determine the impact of the following laws on the enrollment and completion of high school education especially among the poor individuals: (a) Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 (RA 6655) and (b) governance Basic Education Act of 2001 (RA 9155). Studies show that these laws have not been fully effective because access on secondary education was declining with negative net participation rates recorded throughout the years. We used two approaches to further study the effects of each law. The first approach classifies all individuals into three age cohorts: (i) those who are not affected by any law (43 years old and above); (ii) those affected exclusively by RA 6655 (29-42 years old); and (iii) those further affected by RA 9155 (12/15-28 years old) comparing their high school enrollment and completion. The second approach focuses on the public high school program in terms of its leakage and under coverage among current high school-aged individuals (12-16 years old). The data used was the 2014 Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS). We came up with three models derived from the Hausman specification test from several models. The variables added into these models were derived from the education analytical framework of FASFAF, et al. (2004) which includes household characteristics, household head characteristics, and the child‟s characteristics. Logit and Multinomial Logit regressions were employed for the first and second approaches, respectively. Our estimates tell us that both laws significantly increased the probability of high school enrollment and completion. RA 6655 alone had relatively smaller effects on members of households belonging to the bottom three deciles. But with the implementation of RA 9155, the effect was magnified and channeled towards the lower deciles although without the guarantee of secondary schooling completion. Furthermore, high leakage and under-coverage rates of the public high school program were observed. These results suggest the need for a better targeting system among the poor and provision of additional financial assistance such as scholarship grants and loans to give the poor an equitable access and chance to enter and complete secondary education.
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    Skill transferability and mismatch among post-training graduates: an application of the task-based approach
    (2019-07) Generalao, Ian Nicole A.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.
    This paper uses the task-based framework to examine the extent of skill transferability across occupations among Filipino post-training graduates using the graduate tracer study of Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). From the task contents of occupations obtained from ISCO-08, a task portfolio for every occupation is constructed. Distance and direction measures are developed to classify an occupational move as up-skilling, down-skilling or a lateral move. The combination of these two measures estimates the level of skill mismatch associated with occupational mobility and the extent of human capital accumulation or loss in the process. Using maximum likelihood Heckman sample selection regressions, the study finds a significant positive relationship between occupational distances and wage changes supporting the model’s prediction of human capital accumulation associated with wage gains. To measure the transferability of skills in the labor market, this study applies the occupational distance measure to investigate the effectiveness of training programs in matching the expected and actual post-training occupations of graduates. We find that only a small portion among post-training graduates experience job-training match suggesting the poor performance of training programs in the aspect of job-training matching. Correlates of this job-training mismatch are computed using logit regressions. Finally, policy recommendations and areas of future study are presented.