Browsing by Author "Jurado, Gonzalo M."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 43
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    A critical appraisal of the Hecksher-Ohlin theorem: case of the Philippines
    (1982-10) Golloso, Fides Rosario N.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    A model of household labor supply: income and hours of work relation
    (1980-10) Bustos, Patricia S.; Torres, Victoria R.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    A preliminary analysis of Philippine development plans 1960-1974: policies and effects
    (1976-03) Capule, Cynthia; Pamintuan, Alice; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    A reappraisal of Philippine exports and economic development
    (1981-06) Sena, Ma. Eden D.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
    Less developed countries are alleged to be vulnerable to fluctuations in export earnings as a large proportion of their national income is highly dependent on export earnings from primary products. It is also averred that these fluctuations can cause a serious impediment to the LDC's economic growth. To test whether this phenomenon runs true for the Philippines, an analysis of the short-run fluctuations in its export earnings and the effect of such fluctuations on the domestic economy was made in this study. The analysis includes two sub-periods, 1952-1964 and 1965-1977, to determine if the state of export instability in the country had changed over the years. Empirical results showed an increasing instability in export earnings from 1952 to 1977. The high dependence of the Philippines on primary exports had led to commodity and geographic concentration of exports. However, the a priori expectation that primary goods specialization and commodity and geographic concentration cause export instability were not supported by statistical results. Instead, it was found that the fluctuations in export receipts came mainly from variations in the volume of goods exported, hence to variations in supply rather than in demand. These fluctuations in export earnings had adverse effects on the economy as variations in these earnings were positively and significantly related to variations in the GNP, imports and government revenue on a current year basis and to variations in domestic capital formation and cost of living on a one-year lagged basis. Measures to counteract these effects are therefore necessary and timely to aid the beleaguered export sector of the economy.
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    A social cost-benefit analysis of the Tongonan geothermal power plant
    (1980-10) Aniceto, Maria Louella G.; Caliolio, Emilia Rosario R.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    A study of economic development planning in the People's Republic of China
    (1972-04) Constantino, Ferdinand K.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    A study of Philippine tax performance
    (1975-04) Caballes, Aida Z.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    An empirical analysis of the demand for labor in the manufacturing sector
    (1983-03) Makalinaw, Edna R.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
    The study attempts to analyze the impact of the various determinants of the demand for labor on the employment in the manufacturing sector in general and in selected export-oriented and non-export-oriented manufacturing industries in particular. Similarly, it estimates the elasticity of factor substitution in each of these industries. The analysis is developed on the basis of a labor demand equation using the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function. A least square multiple regression using data for the period 1956-75 revealed that the variables factor price ratio and output are very important determinants in the demand for labor in the entire manufacturing sector and in both export-oriented and non-export-oriented manufacturing industries although the importance is more pronounced in the export-oriented group of industries. An estimate of the elasticity of factor substitution in the various export-oriented and non-export-oriented industries underscored the varying ability of each industry to substitute labor for capital and vice versa. A simulation of the effects of the changes in the user cost of capital and the cost of labor confirmed the negative effects of the various BOI incentives with capital cheapening bias on the demand for labor in the industries. A direct subsidy on labor cost encourages employment growth. The overall assessment of the BOI incentive package is still restricting as far as labor absorption is concerned. The findings of this paper suggest a need to formulate more incentives neutral in their effects on the relative use of capital and labor in production. Moreover, the varying responsiveness of employment to various economic variables underscores the need for a different set of incentives for different types of industries.
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    ASEAN demand for Singapore goods and effect of ASEAN tariff preferences
    (1982-05) Alhamid, Sharifah Seedah; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
    This study looks into the effects of trade liberalization among ASEAN countries on Singapore exports. The study also estimates the import demand function and price and income elasticities of demand of each of the other ASEAN countries by commodity groups at one-digit level of SITC. On the basis of the estimated elasticities it also calculates the magnitude of the possible expansion of Singapore exports to each of the other ASEAN countries as tariffs in these countries are reduced in accordance with Preferential Tariff Arrangements, using as a basis of calculation the countries' 1979 import levels. The estimates of the elasticities are obtained by means of simple and multiple least-squares regression, using the ratio of the commodity's own price to the price of the competing domestic commodity and real income as the explanatory variables. The paper concludes that the effects on Singapore exports of ASEAN Preferential Tariff Arrangements are negligible for the following reasons. Firstly the price elasticities are low and, in some cases, the price coefficients are not statistically significant. Secondly, the tariff reductions on goods imported from Singapore by the other ASEAN countries are concentrated on items with less than 20 per cent tariff rates. Thirdly, compared to prices variables, income variables appear to be the stronger stimulant to export expansion of Singapore goods to the ASEAN countries, as shown in the high income elasticities. It can be said that economic development as proxied by income growth in the other ASEAN countries is the main constraint to trade expansion rather than the tariff. Finally, the existing trade patterns of ASEAN countries and their dependence on developed countries are contributory to the retardation of trade expansion among them.
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    Aspects of population policies in China and India
    (1980-10-13) Lee, Ma. Cita Concepcion T.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    Asset-ownership and tenure in sugarcane production
    (1983) De Dios, Loreli C.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
    The literature shows that contracts arise to bring together agents with different endowments of physical and human capital as well as risk-bearing capacities. The coexistence of different contracts is shown to depend on worker characteristics, i.e., differences in the choice of contracts in a risky environment reflect an underlying distribution of means of production, with the more endowed laborers choosing to be tenants and the less endowed ones hired as wage-workers. The screening model is adopted to show that information is transmitted via contractual choice. The hypothesis is confirmed using both logit and OLS procedures to test survey data.
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    Bliss for whom?
    (1980-01) Gueverra, Angel Jr. F.; Phan, Angelita Kim Chi T.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    Certain aspects of fluctuations in export earnings: the Nepalese case
    (1979-07) Pant, Girish P.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    Employment in Southern Mindanao (Region XI) as of 1970: problems and policies
    (1975-12) Hemedes, Carmen Vergel D.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    Estimating foreign resource needs for Thailand's economic development
    (1971-09) Supachanya, Worawan; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
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    Export instability of Indonesia: 1972-1980
    (1982-10) Sallatu, Abdul M.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.
    The main focus of this study is the export instability of Indonesia in the period 1972-1980 which, firstly, attempts to determine empirically whether a decreasing (therefore an improvement) or increasing export instability has been achieved in the last period compared to the previous periods. Secondly, to identify factors that are positively and highly associated with the export instability of Indonesia. Lastly, the study looks into the government policies which can reduce the effects of export instability to the economy as a whole. The major findings of the study is that in three consecutive periods, i.e., 1946-58, 1959-71 and 1972-80, the study showed that after a decline in the second period, the third period registered an increase. Using single-variable and multi-variable analysis, both in the linear and log-linear regressions, some 29 explanatory variables considered to be related to export instability are tested. In the two form of regressions, there are nine explanatory variables that are consistently significantly associated with the export instability of Indonesia in the period under study. These are export price, raw materials import, balance of trade, value of petroleum and products, export value of wood, monetary reserves, and monetary reserves as a percentage of total outlays on import. Since the findings show that the significant explanatory variables are mostly related to the demand side of Indonesia's products abroad, then, this study suggests a focus of policy observations toward this direction. To be more specific, a further and more detailed study is called for, especially in relation to the demand for exportable products of Indonesia and export promoting policy.