Browsing by Author "Pons, Eduardo B."
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Item Restricted A study on labor absorption in Philippine agriculture: its determinants and characteristics(1974-04) Bigay, Rachel V.; Pons, Eduardo B.; Castro, Amado A.Item Restricted Export performance of selected Philippine agricultural commodities (1962-1975)(1978-03) Pons, Eduardo B.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.This study, as the title suggests, attempts to evaluate the export performance of eight agricultural commodities (copra, copra meal/cake, coconut oil, desiccated coconut, sugar, banana, plywood and logs and lumber) using a constant-market-share (CMS) model. The period covered is from 1962 to 1975. The CMS model, a mathematical identity, allows the decomposition of past export growth into three structural components: a commodity distribution effect, a market distribution effect and a competitiveness effect. Results of the application of the CMS model suggest that both the market distribution and competitiveness effects may have contributed favorably to export performance with the commodity effect having a possible adverse effect. Inasmuch as the CMS model does not show causal relationships, regression analysis is used to establish behavioral relationships between export performance and each of the three structural effects enumerated above. In addition, the influence of domestic production on export performance is looked into. The general results of regression analysis, however, failed to establish any behavioral relationships, i.e., results were statistically insignificant when indices of market concentration and of commodity concentration and of competitiveness were regressed with indices of export performance. However, statistically significant results were reached for export performance and competitiveness for two commodities (copra meal/cake and plywood) where competitiveness is measured by the ratio of the average world price of a commodity to the Philippine export price of the same commodity. The results for these two commodities were positive and show that competitiveness contributed positively to the two commodities' export performance as suggested by the results of the CMS model. The insignificance of the competitive argument for the other six commodities is most possibly explained by institutional factors working within the relevant markets (like government trade agreements and trading contracts between local and foreign firms). It follows from the results that competition, herein defined by relative prices, generally does not apply to this basket of traditional export goods. Of course, competition may mean not just relative prices, e.g. marketing strategies. Domestic production is shown to have positively contributed to export performance suggesting productivity implications on export performance.