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Item Restricted Using Engel's Law to delineate the middle class(2014-05) Dinglasan, Katrina May J.; de Dios, Emmanuel S.This paper seeks to improve upon existing indicators of middle class membership by analyzing household consumption patterns using the Engel's Law, a well-established empirical regularity observed in household survey studies. Engel's Law states that the poorer a family is, the larger is the share of total expenditure that must be devoted to the procurement of food [Engel1895(1857)]. Using the Family Income and Expenditure Survey for 2009 merged with the Labor Force Survey for January 2010, ordinary least squares regressions were carried out to estimate Engel curves. The main finding is that the food expenditures of households whose most educated members did not finish high school are not statistically different from those families of persons without any formal schooling. For a given amount of family resource and holding other factors constant, we found that food shares only drop when the most educated member is a high school graduate. More substantial decreases are correlated to members who received at least some college education. Given that some college education is correlated with distinct changes in food consumption, and thus, overall consumption patterns, we propose that it be used as an alternative threshold.Item Restricted Wealth determinants of household decision on child work(2008-10) Dinglasan, Katrina May J.This paper is a study on how different wealth variables affect the probability a child whose age is between 5 to 14 years old would engage in work. The kind of work specified in this paper is distinct from the official definition of child labor according to the International Labor Organization. It proceeds by estimating 3 regression models using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method, each model differing on the independent variables involved. The estimation makes use of data from the National Statistics Office 2001 Survey on Children. As the results show, all three models consistently show that income increases and ownership of other assets are correlated with less child work incidence. Simulating the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Programa provisions of how much to endow eligible households, it was shown that increasing the household income does decrease the probability a child would work in a household, but only by small amounts.