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Item Restricted Impact of living arrangements on schooling outcomes: a case study on Metropolitan Cebu using fixws effects estimation(2014-04-08) De Vera, Janine P.; Medida, Angeli Gabrielle F.; Lim, JosephFor centuries, households have been dominated by traditional two-parent families and their biological children. Although this form of family structure still stands as the majority in most countries, their dominance has weakened as of late. Over the years, the number of marriages based on civil registration in the Philippines has inconsistently dropped and recovered. This trend is parallel to the marital statistics reported in the city of Cebu from 2000 to 2010. The data set used in this study is from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, with a final total of 1,822 individuals observed over four periods of time. Using liner fixed effects and conditional logit regressions, the researchers found that children from non-traditional households show worse schooling outcomes. In particular, children residing with custodians in the absence of both biological parents end up with the lowest levels of schooling at age 18 and are also the least likely to be on time in their expected grade for age. Children in single parent households fare slightly better than those in caretaker households, but still worse than children in biologically-intact families. Results for children in blended households were inconclusive.