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    The impact of gender inequality in the labor force on the economic growth of each region in the Philippines
    (2015-06) Digay, Robert Boz; Saulo, Christopher Miguel; Pajaron, Marjorie C.
    This paper examines the impact of the gender inequality in the labor force participation rate to the economic growth of each region in the Philippines from 2002- 2013. Backed up by neoclassical growth theory that accumulating assets including human capital can lead to economic growth, restricting the women an access to labor force and in education as well, reduces the amount of available talent or capital that the economy can use, which may impede economic growth. Using panel data, we used simple OLS regression to see the effect of labor force participation gap and wage gap to economic growth measured by gross regional domestic product and regional tax revenue collection. We further improved the model by controlling for fixed and random effects. GRDP and Tax revenue collection per region decreases by 0.21 and 0.9 percentage points respectively for every 1% increase in labor force gap. Wage gap has a weaker impact on economic growth compared to labor force gap. Using 2SLS, we also find out that education gap in the primary level is a weak instrument for labor force participation gap and wage gap. We then dissected the labor force gap into nine sectors and observe its effect on economic growth.
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    The contribution of ICT investment to labor productivity and economic growth in the Philippines 1992-2001
    (2004-10) Boado, Sherry Amour T.; Iriberri, Abegail Valerie V.; Alonzo, Ruperto
    Various studies have shown that there is a positive impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on economic growth and productivity in a number of developed countries in the 1990s. There are however no major studies which would estimate the contribution of ICT to growth and productivity in developing countries in Southeast Asia. Availability, consistency, and trustworthiness of data have been so far the major setback. The paper makes an attempt, using linear regression analysis, at estimating the contribution of investment in ICT to labor productivity and output growth in the Philippines. Based on the regression results, ICT has a positive and significant relationship with the level of economic development of the Philippines. The findings in this study suggest that ICT does affect output growth and labor productivity. Alongside the presence of ICT, a good share of educated members of the labor force will help improve the productivity accounting. These people are better equipped and matched to the new technologies that the digitalized global economy could offer.
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    Urbanization, urban structure and economic growth: evidence from a dynamic global panel
    (2026-01-06) De Jesus, Marra Sophia; Sanchez, Rafael Enrico; Domingo, Gabriel Angelo B.
    This study investigates the impact of urbanization and urban structure on labor productivity using a panel dataset of 116 countries from 2000 to 2019. It uses the Arellano-Bond System GMM estimator to address endogeneity and persistence in economic growth. This study also includes the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to measure urban concentration as well as to determine whether the gains from urbanization depend on how the populations are distributed. The results of this study provide interesting results as it challenges traditional urban economic theory that urbanization is a uniform driver of economic growth. While physical capital remains a primary driver of growth, isolated urbanization rate is statistically insignificant and shows no direct effect on labor productivity. However, the interaction between urbanization and urban concentration is negative and significant (β ≈ − 0. 598) which show that the productivity gains from urbanization show diminishing returns as urban population becomes heavily concentrated. Specifically, marginal effect analysis reveals a tipping point where the positive impacts of urbanization reach zero when HHI exceeds levels of 0.58. This finding supports the congestion hypothesis, which suggests that in highly concentrated urban areas, diseconomies of scale outweigh the positive effects of agglomeration.