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Has files: true Ɨ Subject: Human development Ɨ

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    The impact of decentralization of human development: a closer look at Philippine provinces
    (2008-03) Gabinay, Carelyn A.; Ramos, Krystelle Anne E.; Quimbo, Stella
    The success of the country's decentralization program should be ultimately based on how well its policies improve public welfare- and quality of life. However, studies on decentralization in the Philippines have focused merely on its fiscal and budgetary aspects and have placed secondary consideration on the human development dimension. To fill this research gap, this study explores the effect of the decentralization program, enacted through' the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991, on human development and quality of life. This study investigates the impact of the decentralization program on human development of 77 provinces by determining the effect of the internal revenue allotment (IRA), along with other factors, on the Human Development Index (HOI) using panel data regression analysis. Several dummy variables are included in the estimated model to account for the qualitative factors affecting HOI such as political party and dynasty. In general, this study finds evidence supporting the hypothesis that decentralization in the Philippines improved quality of life primarily through the resource channel. On the other hand, behavioral factors such as leader's interest and political affiliations and the extent of local elite influence also affect human development as manifested through the governance channel.
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    The impact of foreign aid on the human development index: a cross-regional study of Asia, Latin America, and Africa
    (2009-11) Chan, Justine Ranier S.; Tecson, Gwendolyn
    The paper aims to measure and compare the effectiveness of foreign aid on development in Asia, Latin America and Africa as measured by the Human Development Index. The study investigates if aid is really doing its job in improving the welfare of developing countries in terms of its people's income, health and education which are all captured in the Human Development Index. Also, it tries to provide an answer to the debate between the aid optimists and pessimists if aid is beneficial or not. In order to do this, 20 countries from Asia, 10 from Latin America, and 33 from Africa were selected among the medium and low human development countries as classified by the United Nations Development Programme in its Human Development Report. The author then conducted a panel data regression for each region. The results of the regression analysis showed varied results for the 3 regions. Specifically, the effect of aid on HDI was found to be positive in Latin America and Africa. However, the effect of aid was insignificant for Asia. Therefore, it can be said that there is no one conclusive answer to whether aid is effective or not. The effectiveness of foreign aid is different across regions and will most likely be dependent on donor and recipient characteristics.
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    Spatial patterns of Philippine human development: the tyranny of distance and the revolution of growth centers
    (2009-10) Salazar, Rocky James V.; Esguerra, Emmanuel
    This study is about the spatial inequality of human development across the Philippines. It is observed that provinces near Metro Manila and places around growth centers exhibit high levels / of human development. The distribution of human development is mapped and analyzed and/ a regression of human development index (HDI) on certain explanatory variables is done. With concepts in economic geography particularly those related to distance and agglomeration, this research examines how proximity to Metro Manila and presence of a nearby grow center influence human development. Furthermore, it discovers that the observed spatial disparities in human development are a reflection of underlying inequalities.
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    A comparison between the income approach and the capabilities approach to poverty: does the income approach capture health, too?
    (2005-10) Molato, Rhea M.; Medina, Janis J.
    This paper explored the link between two different approaches to poverty: the income approach an the capabilities approach. In doing this, the paper utilized cross-section data among the 78 provinces of the Philippines and compared the provincial indicators of these two approaches. This study found that they strongly, though not perfectly, agree on which provinces are considered poorer than the others. It was also found that like the capabilities approach, the income approach captures the health poor. Income, an indicator of monetary poverty, is significantly correlated with health. This was established by a Two-Stage Least Squares estimation of the simultaneous equations model relating income with health. This confirms the validity of income-based poverty statistics as proxy for identifying poverty in terms of other dimensions such as health. Since the income approach is easier and less costly to operationalize than the capabilities approach, cost savings are further justified by its health content. These savings could then translate into efficient targeting. Furthermore, since income deprivation is directly related to capability deprivation, curtailment of income poverty means a corresponding improvement against poverty in terms of other dimensions.
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    The effects of controlling corruption on government consumption and human development in Asia
    (2009-10) Batocabe, Justine Caesar Anthony D.; Vega, Jose Alfonso Virgilio Marteen G.
    This paper evaluates the impact of Corruption on Government Consumption particularly in Asia. It aims to study the distortion corruption generates on Government Consumption and its effect on human development. The paper uses the data Control of Corruption from the World Government Indicators to measure corruption and the Human Development Index to measure human development. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model was constructed using panel data for the years 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 spanning 30 Asian countries. The following results show that Control of Corruption significantly affects Government Consumption and the Human Development Index.
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    The impact of governance on human development: a cross-country analysis
    (2009-10) Platon, Pamela T.; Solidor, Eira B.
    This paper explores the link between governance and human development. An essential point of divergence for this study is that it makes use of the Human Development Index in evaluating well-being rather than the more conventional GDP measures. In conducting the study, the group experiments with a series of equations patterned after two basic models. It finds that, while controlling for macroeconomic policies and initial conditions for growth, positive changes in governance have a systematic and significant impact on human development changes. Contrary to the fundings of Sachs, results show that a country's climatic condition is not an important factor in improving human development. Geographic regions prove to be significant in advancing human development. Some macroeconomic policies that effectively alleviate poverty don't have the same impact on development, like openness to trade, for example. While greater openness is appropriate for most economies, some countries are better off limiting trade. Moreover, both the rise in the change in government expenditure and change in inflation have positive impacts on human welfare. This is despite the traditional notion that public spending alone is not a sufficient solution for poor human development. Likewise, findings on inflation are disturbingly in contrast with what was generally anticipated. A number of literatures suggest that greater increases in inflation are correlated with lesser improvements in human development. The challenge for both researchers and policy makers is to go beyond the conventional wisdom, that is, to explore better ways of explaining real- life phenomena. The hope is that this study will prompt future research on human development that relies on measures that comprehensively reflect human well-being.
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    The effect of political dynasties on human development: analysis at the provincial level
    (2010-04-12) CaƱares, Jean Gabrielle M.; Rodriguez, Maria Victoria
    Political dynasties are an interesting phenomenon. For all intents and purposes, they should not exist. However, that is not the case. Political dynasties are a force in local politics. They fill the gap left by the lack of true national parties and serve as powerful campaign machinery come election time. There are over 150 political dynasties believed to be in existence. Given the local political scene, this paper sought to determine the effects of political dynasties on human development. Three different indicators of political dynasty are used. The presence of political dynasties in local government can be said to have a negative effect on human development. This may be a confirmation of the theory that inefficient provision of goods maybe attributed to uneven concentration of political power.
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    A new way of looking at the human development perspective of poverty: a Philippine study
    (1999-10) Banawa, Gay Cheryl Aguilar; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.
    Poverty has long been a distinct problem of the Philippines and the government continues to find ways and means of addressing this very common dilemma. Several methods are being used to explain the causes and indicators of inequality. This study addresses, in particular, United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index's implications. It is the purpose of the paper to test whether the three functions of HOI; health, knowledge, and standard of living, have a direct relationship to poverty incidence. It is also examined whether gender disparities affect poverty reduction. These are all in consideration of the assumption that increased human development and reduced gender inequality promotes poverty alleviation. Multiple regression analysis is employed in testing the hypotheses. The main objective of this study is to investigate the human development perspective of poverty. The key findings examined in detail are the negative relationships of poverty incidence to the three indicators of HOI functions; life expectancy, literacy and average income. Poverty incidence's remarkable sensitivity to male life expectancy and female literacy is analyzed. Finally, the researcher enumerated relevant recommendations. It is proposed for the government to concentrate on job-creating investments to increase the number of income earners. Lastly, policies and programs of the government are suggested to focus on enhancing the status of women because it will alleviate poverty to a large extent.