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    Betting on jueteng: an empirical study on the gambling behavior of people who engage in jueteng
    (2001-10) Locsin, Cathleen Grace C.; Tolentino, Aimee Ivee M.; Tan, Edita
    The risk-taking behavior of individuals who engage in gambling is influenced by a lot of factors. The attempt to explain such behavior is embodied in this empirical study on people who engage in a gamble called jueteng. Jueteng, which appears to be the most popular form of gambling in the Philippines, is a sequential 2 numbers game that involves a combination of 37 numbers against 37 numbers thus totaling 1,369 combinations. In some areas, minimum bets per combination are 25 centavos and maximum bets as high as 100 per combination. In this study, the researchers aim to find how the amount of bet varies across economic and socio-demographic factors such as, income, age, size of household, and gender. The analytical framework used was based on John Conlisk' s and Reuven Brenner's models, which try to explain gambling behavior, using the principles of utility theory. Using this framework, it was predicted that: (1) the relatively poor would spend more on gambling than the relatively rich; (2) older people would gamble more than their younger counterparts; (3) those who belong to a larger household would gamble more; and ( 4) women would gamble more in a game of luck, like jueteng, than men would. Accordingly, the researchers predicted that the amount bet on jueteng would be decreasing with the level of income, increasing with age and size of household, and that women would gamble more in jueteng than men. The study focused on the residents of Barangay 8-3 Payapa, Mendez, Cavite, who engage in jueteng. Samples were chosen using systematic· sampling and data was gathered using . survey facilitated by questionnaires. Regression analysis revealed that income and age were the only significant variables affecting the amount of bet.
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    Targeting the gamblers: a tool for public policy decision-making
    (2004-03) Hernandez, Wincel P.; Lee, Nikki Rose M.; Quimbo, Stella A.
    The goal of this study is to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of gamblers and evaluate the effectiveness of targeting tools for public policy targeting purposes. Maximum Likelihood estimation methods were used to estimate four logit models of gambling participation among Filipinos. The forms of gambling were subdivided into legal and illegal in order to establish the distinction between the characteristics of legal and illegal gamblers. The legal forms include Lotto, Casino, Bingo, Cockfighting, Sweepstakes, and Racing. The illegal forms include Casino Internet, Jaialai, Jueteng, Mahjong, Card Games, Masiao, Sakla, Ending in Basketball, Billiards, Two-Digit and Two-Ball Bingo. Individual characteristics such as age, gender, educational attainment, language, marital status, employment status and work sector were used. In addition, the relationship of geography (locale, area, province), institution (religion), media access (radio, TV, newspaper) and income towards gambling were tested. The General Gambling Model reflects the results of the Illegal Gambling Model, with minimal variations from the Legal Gambling Model. From these, it has been found that individuals from the younger age groups are more likely to participate in gambling. Males, as well as the less educated, reveal positive relationships with gambling. Urbanity, employment sector as well as Catholicism play a major role in the determination of gambling participation. These gamblers have access to the radio, and television stations, particularly ABS-CBN and GMA, and the tabloid Tempo. Income is inversely related to gambling, most especially in illegal forms but directly related to gambling participation in legal forms. Lastly, the capacity for correct prediction of each targeting tool was evaluated. Provincial targeting (Geographic 2) is the most effective targeting tool for illegal gambling since it has the largest percentage of correctly predicted cases and it appears to be cost-efficient as well. In this line, if the government aims to pursue proposed legalization or prohibition of illegal gambling activities, or chooses to target those who participate in illegal forms of gambling, information are already presented in this paper. It is recommended that further studies should consider evaluating the efficiency of targeting tools based on undercoverage and leakage rates. Information on the frequency and duration of gambling participation as well as the amount of bet wagered in gambling may also be taken into consideration.