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    The impact of educational attainment on early childbearing: an Instrument Variable Probit (IVP) Analysis
    (2019-05) Mauricio, Kim Alisson G. ; Sangalang, Corinne F. ; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.
    This paper aims to investigate the relationship between educational attainment and the likelihood of experiencing an early childbirth. The study intends to aid policy-makers in making decisions regarding the importance of education as a deterrent to the prevalence of early pregnancy among adolescents. Due to the presence of an endogeneity problem that might bias the result we propose an empirical approach based on instrumental variables to deal with this problem. Data for five survey rounds from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) were employed. 903 female index children aged 21 and below were included in the sample. Our analyses control for possible confounding factors, including individual and family background characteristics, and state economic conditions. Our results suggest that, female children with higher level of educational attainment have a lower likelihood of experiencing an early childbirth. We, therefore, conclude that retaining the female children and adolescents in schools will lessen their probability of getting pregnant at a young age.
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    Impact of living arrangements on schooling outcomes: a case study on Metropolitan Cebu using fixws effects estimation
    (2014-04-08) De Vera, Janine P.; Medida, Angeli Gabrielle F.; Lim, Joseph
    For centuries, households have been dominated by traditional two-parent families and their biological children. Although this form of family structure still stands as the majority in most countries, their dominance has weakened as of late. Over the years, the number of marriages based on civil registration in the Philippines has inconsistently dropped and recovered. This trend is parallel to the marital statistics reported in the city of Cebu from 2000 to 2010. The data set used in this study is from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, with a final total of 1,822 individuals observed over four periods of time. Using liner fixed effects and conditional logit regressions, the researchers found that children from non-traditional households show worse schooling outcomes. In particular, children residing with custodians in the absence of both biological parents end up with the lowest levels of schooling at age 18 and are also the least likely to be on time in their expected grade for age. Children in single parent households fare slightly better than those in caretaker households, but still worse than children in biologically-intact families. Results for children in blended households were inconclusive.