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    Determinants of MRT3 [blue line] ridership
    (2006-04) Rosales, Katrina C.; Simbul, Lianne Marie C.; Tan, Edita
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    The impact of transport system on income: an economic-geographic approach
    (2009-10) Agustin, Miriam B.; Gutierrez, Terrylou M.; Arcenas, Agustin L.
    Due to the increasing public transportation facilities in our country, interests in studying the interrelations of these road networks to growth and development potential, and economic activities have become extensive for the past years. This paper reviews and discusses the impact of municipal/city distance from nearest NLEX exit point on municipal/city income, and uses instrumental variables to establish causality. The review includes approaches based on the transport system interface and one of the common geography theories. The fields of Economics and Geography are employed to view the over-all impact of road networks and municipality structure on income. In the Philippines, one of its outstanding road transport systems is the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX). The economic model derives the criticality of the proximity of the NLEX to any municipality/city using concepts from welfare economics and geography. To derive approximate insights into assessing critical components, a model based on economic geography is developed. This model describes the effect of distance on spatial interactions, considering the importance of transport system. The authors conclude that proximity to a transport system is significantly related to locality income.
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    The impact of roads on output at regional level
    (2009-04) Empaynado, Karen G.; Medalla, Ma. Sofia C.; Reside, Renato
    This paper intended to examine the relationship between regional road transport infrastructure and regional economic growth. It aimed to prove that transport infrastructure, roads and bridges can decrease transport costs and consequently lead to a higher level of output. The study involved the 16 regions in the Philippines, their Gross Regional Domestic Product and the land infrastructure, particularly of roads and bridges in each region. The time frame of 11 years, from 1997 to 2007 was used. The production function was used as the model to estimate output. Explanatory variables for output per labor were capital per labor, labor, national roads and national bridges. The variables for infrastructure were lagged up to three years to account for simultaneity. Regressions that included instrumental variables were used as alternatives for lagging. Motor vehicle per land area, population per land area, poverty incidence among population and internal revenue allotment were the instruments for roads. In most of the estimations, capital-labor ratio, employment, and national road density were positive and significant. National bridges on the other hand had a negative coefficient. Road density was positive and significant. Lagging road density decreased the coefficient and made it insignificant. With the · inclusion of all instrumental variables, road density was positive and significant. This study was able to prove that roads contribute to output. High economic activity indicates high demand for roads. Thus, more roads are built where needed.