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Item Restricted Factors associated with full employment in the Philippines(2013-03) Anatalio, Avery; Mabutas, Victor; Pernia, Ernesto M.Despite respectable economic growth in recent years, underemployment and unemployment remain critical problems in the Philippines. Most studies on labor markets are concerned with factors associated with underemployment and unemployment. Instead, we aim to focus on identifying the determinants of full employment. Focusing on full employment allows us to see the factors that prevent the labor market from being flexible and productive. To this end, we analyze data from the 2011 Labor Force Survey (LFS) using regression analysis. Our results suggest that the probability of being fully employed varies with educational attainment, age, sector of employment, class of worker, nature of employment, and marital status. A policy implication of our study is to make quality education more accessible to everyone, especially the less privileged members of the labor force. Creating permanent, salaried jobs appears to be a key factor in improving labor productivity and job satisfaction. Aiming for full employment will be good for poverty alleviation and inclusive growth.Item Restricted A broad view of unemployment and underemployment in the Philippines(1981-03) Ceballos, Emilia; Enriquez, Ma. TheresaItem Restricted College graduates: how they are affected by unemployment and underemployment problems(1987-03) Quinto, Dahlia J.; So, Myrna L.The connection between education and employment is not simple nor is it positively constant over time. Any analysis on the relationship between the country's higher education and employment should consider that in Asia, the Philippines has the largest enrolment ratios in the elementary, secondary and tertiary levels. The universalization o£ the elementary education has automatically led to a very high enrolment ratio at the secondary level. Furthermore, because of the lack of employment opportunities after the secondary education, high school graduates have nowhere to go but to higher educational institutions. This pressures colleges and universities to expand programs which are cheap to carry out, oftentimes without considering the need for skills to be achieved through these programs to prepare students for work. In the long-run, serious problems arise from the unmet expectations of the college graduates. Thus, the Philippine educated manpower is not without work problems. Considering the painstaking preparation to produce professionals, it has been repeatedly cited that in the Philippines, as in other developing countries, a mismatch occurs between the academe and the world of work. Both from the points of view of the family as a unit and the government, the problem is not simple for in addition to employment, the related problem of underemployment also exists.Item Restricted A survey of unemployment and underemployment problem of the Philippines 1973-1978(1982-04) Binayas, Ana Emilia Ruby G.; Demontano, Cecile B.Item Restricted Youth and work: does poverty matter?(2005-10) Fernandez, Ysabel Marie D.; Quilicol, Maria Cristine B.This study is an attempt to trace the effects of poverty measured through per capita GRDP alongside unemployment, enrolment and educational attainment rates on the Philippine youth labor force participation rate. The regional data from 2001 to 2004 used were taken from various government agencies and were analysed through econometric regression following Bowen's model of labor force participation. Results of the econometric regression show that poverty measured through GRDP is a significant determinant of youth labor force participation. Other variables such as unemployment rates, enrolment rates, and the no grade completed and college levels of educational attainment also explain the variations of youth labor force participation. Furthermore, the division of the panel data into the three Philippine island groupings (Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao) are not significant in the analysis of regression results. However, some demographic aspects of the youth labor force have not been analyzed in this study. It is therefore recommended that further studies that would include variables for gender, urbanity, the in-school and out-of-school youth groupings. In addition, another measure of poverty that could be used is also recommended for further research.Item Restricted Underemployment in the Philippines(2008-10) Cancer, Justine Marie L.; Socco, Celina Katrina C.This paper aims to determine the factors that significantly affect the persisting underemployment in the Philippines. Also, factors of underemployment will be compared to those of unemployment. Using the cross-sectional pooled data from the Labor Force Survey, the study determines how one's employment status is affected by several factors such as socio-economic variables and institutional characteristics. A logistic regression is run using a model with the employment state as dependent variable and socio-demographic characteristics, education, number of dependent children, region and industry as independent variables. The study finds age, gender, education, marital status, and number of dependent children as significant factors affecting underemployment. Workers in their prime working age and those who are supporting dependents are most likely to be underemployed. Further, male workers have higher probabilities of being underemployed than females. Also, region and industry determines underemployment. Those employed in the agriculture sector largely represent the underemployed. In addition, depressed regions have the most problem of underemployment while the advanced regions have the least. Workers coming from the former seek more work since the jobs available for them are generally low-paying. Other reasons are the seasonality of work and poverty which compel workers to seek additional work.