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Item Restricted The impact of COVID-19 on the decomposition of teleworkability-based wage differentials among Philippine occupations(2023-07) Panganiban, Hustine Angelo B.; Celestino, Queenie Angel C.; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.With reduced mobility and restrictions on physical activities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking, defined as work performed away from the employer through information and communication technology, emerged as an alternative setup for many industries. Using Philippine Labor Force Survey data from 2019 and 2020, this study aims to measure the pandemic-induced wage inequality between teleworkable and non-teleworkable occupations. Furthermore, we employ the Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition, a three-component method that decomposes wage differentials between the two groups and across time. Our findings show that teleworkability-based wage differentials increased during the second and third quarters of 2020, at the height of the lockdown measures imposed by the Philippine government. Wage differentials in 2020 were primarily influenced by the differences in the effects of explanatory variables or group characteristics of teleworkers and non-teleworkers, implying that wage discrimination against non- teleworkers worsened during the pandemic.Item Restricted Effect of the pandemic-induced shift to teleworking on worker-level wage and hours worked(2022-01) Floro, Nicarae Valerie; Panagsagan, Ruth A.; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.This study examines the effect of the pandemic-induced shift to teleworking on worker-level wage and hours worked in the Philippines. Data from the October 2019 round and October 2020 round of the Philippine Labor Force Survey (LFS) were used in order to compare pre-pandemic to pandemic figures. Specifically, this study aims to look at the relationship between an occupation’s teleworkability score and the change in its workers’ wages and hours worked by performing an Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis. This paper finds that higher teleworkability of an occupation is associated with lower wages and greater weekly work hours during the pandemic. The reduction in wages may be explained by lower productivity, flexible time arrangements and initial costs of implementing ICTs for telework which vary across countries. Meanwhile, the increase in weekly work hours implies the blurring of work-life boundaries and difficulty in adjusting to new technological tools among workers in high teleworkable occupations.Item Restricted An analysis of the impact of foreign investment on employment and wage levels across major industry groups in the Philippines(2017) Montecastro, Denise S. ; Teh, Cherbeth Mae A. ; Mendoza, Maria Nimfa F.This paper used industry-level data over the 2010 to 2014 period to examine the impact of approved foreign investment flows on the nineteen major industry groups in the country. Positive effects are obtained in the employment level for the years covered and showed that there is a significant lagged effect on employment level from running a system and dynamic generalized methods of moments (GMM) regressions. Our findings also suggest that other labor economic measures, such as average daily pay and work hours, exert a substantial impact on the industries’ employment levels. Furthermore, the study showed that while there is a substantial impact of foreign investment flows on the employment, this alone could not account for the overall increasing trend across the years.Item Restricted Effects of educational attainment and wage on the job-seeking behavior of the labor force in the Philippines(2018-06-06) Balmaceda, Jose Manuel D. ; Uy, Joshua Stanley S. ; Pajaron, Marjorie C.This paper focuses on the issue of job search method and job seeking behavior in response to the educational attainment and wage of individuals in the Philippines. Job opportunity has constantly been an issue yet to be resolved in the country as there are still misconceptions about the status of those employed and unemployed, such that the unemployed are among the poorest and have less job opportunity in the nation. The research used three econometric models: (1) the Probit model for dependent variable looked for work or established a business in the past week (LFW) and first time to look for work (FTL); (2) Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for dependent variable number of weeks looking for work (NOW); and (3) Multiple Logistic Regression for dependent variables job search method, reason for not looking for work and last time to look for work. The results show that educational attainment and wage class of an individual procure a difference in the types of behaviors of individuals when looking for work, their job search method, their reason for not looking for work or the last time they looked for work. The conclusion supports the theory that individuals with less education are less likely to have looked for work within the past week and have looked for work for the first time. Individuals with higher education have sufficient resources to support themselves and look for jobs on their own terms. However, individuals with less education and less wage are motivated by an immediate need to support themselves or their family. The research ultimately calls for a change in the ideals of job search method in the Philippines. The results show that there are integral variables for employment in that it is not only skills, but the motivations of an individual that have an impact in looking for work, especially when looking into educational attainment and wage.