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Subject: Basic education ×

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    An analysis of the impact of free public secondary education act of 1988 (RA 6655) and the governance basic education act of 2001 (RA 9155) on high school enrollment and completion
    (2015) Devela, Zarina Pauline T.; Generalao, Ian Nicole A.; Solon, Orville Jose C.
    This study aims to determine the impact of the following laws on the enrollment and completion of high school education especially among the poor individuals: (a) Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 (RA 6655) and (b) governance Basic Education Act of 2001 (RA 9155). Studies show that these laws have not been fully effective because access on secondary education was declining with negative net participation rates recorded throughout the years. We used two approaches to further study the effects of each law. The first approach classifies all individuals into three age cohorts: (i) those who are not affected by any law (43 years old and above); (ii) those affected exclusively by RA 6655 (29-42 years old); and (iii) those further affected by RA 9155 (12/15-28 years old) comparing their high school enrollment and completion. The second approach focuses on the public high school program in terms of its leakage and under coverage among current high school-aged individuals (12-16 years old). The data used was the 2014 Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS). We came up with three models derived from the Hausman specification test from several models. The variables added into these models were derived from the education analytical framework of FASFAF, et al. (2004) which includes household characteristics, household head characteristics, and the child‟s characteristics. Logit and Multinomial Logit regressions were employed for the first and second approaches, respectively. Our estimates tell us that both laws significantly increased the probability of high school enrollment and completion. RA 6655 alone had relatively smaller effects on members of households belonging to the bottom three deciles. But with the implementation of RA 9155, the effect was magnified and channeled towards the lower deciles although without the guarantee of secondary schooling completion. Furthermore, high leakage and under-coverage rates of the public high school program were observed. These results suggest the need for a better targeting system among the poor and provision of additional financial assistance such as scholarship grants and loans to give the poor an equitable access and chance to enter and complete secondary education.
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    Higher budget allocation for basic education: key to quality education
    (2001-04) Cresino, Neshley C.; Delgado, Jasmin D.; Solon, Orville J.
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    An analysis of the efficiency of public spending for basic education
    (1999-10) Dimaano, Karen B.; Salome, Paulo Ysmael T.; Herrin, Alejandro N.
    The importance of human capital in economic-development cannot be denied. Education is one of the means in improving a country's stock of human capital. This research shows the importance of government spending in the provision of education. Education for many developing countries is dominantly provided by the state since most often than not it cannot be provided by the private sector efficiently. This study analyzes the trends in the government's spending for the education sector. Since almost all of the inputs in the public education sector are obtained using the budget it can be stated that the performance indicators are measures of the output of the education sector. The gross national product and real education expenditure have a positive effect in enrollment. This is can be explained because government provision eases access. However, the benefits of free access is offset because many students are not able to stay in school because of high opportunity costs and out of pocket costs like school projects and transportation. The government should concentrate in the provision of basic education because it brings the most externalities.
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    Gender gap: a study on the impacts of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the basic education participation of males and females in the Philippines
    (2010-12) Agarma, Jovy Mariz Villamor; Echiverri, Kathryn Rachelle De lara
    The Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (2004) was used to identify possible factors affecting the gender gap in school participation rates of children aged 13-18 in the Philippines. Unlike in most developed and developing countries, the Philippines marks greater progress and achievements in girls compared to boys, as reflected in the increasing involvement of women in higher job positions, country governance, and other leadership positions. This is highly affected by the inequality in school involvement observed in both rural and urban areas. As a result, the country's economic performance tends to deteriorate since individual maximum potential is not reached. The maximum likelihood method was used to evaluate the impacts of demographic factors such as family size and relationship to the family head, among others, on a child's probability of being enrolled. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as income, parents' educational background and work status, and overall health, were also included in the test to find out if these are relevant to the study. To account for the possibility of the gender gap itself, interaction variables between the individual variables and the variable "sex" were used and analyzed to determine the effect of gender, if any, on each variable used in the model.