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Subject: Commodity ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Speculating in commodity futures
    (1981-01) Madrigal, Julito A.; Herrin, Alejandro N.
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    Net terms of trade commodity patterns of Philippine exports (1967-1976)
    (1979) Ong, Juanito B.; Pelagio, Danilo P.; Tecson, Gwendolyn
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    Negative income and subsistence levels: an assessment of how vendors cope
    (1984-01) Soriano, J. Clark; Reyes, Ma. Angela; Russell, Susan
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    Engel law: on the estimation of commodity and food consumption ratios for total, urban, and rural Philippines
    (2003-10) Fortes, Resa Elnor J.; Mercado, Kristine S.; Tecson, Gwendolyn R.
    The paper aimed to analyze the commodity and food-groups expenditure ratios of Filipino households, with special emphasis· on the difference between urban and rural dimension, and on shifts in expenditure ratios over time. This is rooted on the postulate of the Engel Law. Using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression, the paper determined the relationship between income (total expenditure) and the expenditure ratios of several commodity items and food groups and as well as their luxury and necessity characteristics. The regression estimates revealed that there are variations between the expenditure ratios of urban and rural households. There are commodities that are expected to be luxury goods that turned out to be necessities such as alcoholic beverages and tobacco. The contrary is revealed for education and medical care. Therefore, policies that would aim to reduce variations in the two areas should consider making goods more accessible. to rural areas where insufficiency of most commodities is evident.
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    The role of transaction costs in inter-regional commodity flow and regional exports of the Philippines
    (2008-03) Burgos, Rey Emmanuel O.; Sison, Ramilio C.; Clarete, Ramon
    This paper examines the effects of the transaction costs variables on inter- regional trade (domestic exports) and regional international exports. The transaction costs-related variables are teledensity, financial management capability and road infrastructure. The study's results indicate that the higher the transaction costs of a region, the lower would be its inter-regional commodity flows and international exports. They highlight the significance of trade related support services to building up the country's export capability in response to trade liberalization.
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    Significance of AFTA as an agent of trade creation in the ASEAN region
    (2010-03) Duran, Kathleen Joy R.; Clarete, Ramon
    As time progresses, the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) is coming closer to its full realization. AFTA was created to promote integration of economies in the. Association of Southeast Asian Notions (ASEAN). The trade agreement was originally signed by the first ASEAN members-known as the ASEAN 6, composed of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand - on January 2002. Four more countries, known as the CLMV, -a grouping of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam -later joined the ASEAN region, and hence, also became members of AFT A. The assimilation of the ASEAN countries I economies is expected to toke place through the reduction in tariff and non-tariff barriers who's full implementation is expected to take place in 201 0 for all ASEAN countries. With this, the study aims to ( 1) determine whether AFTA does encourage trade creation among its members, (2) assess AFTA1 s impact and significance from year 2003 to 2007, and (3) distinguish the significant trade determinants that affect trade within the ASEAN region. In order to accomplish these objectives, an augmented gravity model derived from Mokton (2009) and Hapsori and Mangunsong (2006) was generated. 15 countries were also included in the estimation aside from the 10 existing ASEAN members. Dummy variables such as common language, common border, landlocked countries, and island countries were also included. The estimation ecompasses annual trade among sample countries from 2003 to 2007. The results derived from the regression show that AFTA is indeed significant from year 2003 to 2006. As AFTA Is length of existence continue to grow, its impact continue to become stronger. However, externalities occuring in the ASEAN region cannot be measured by the AFT A dummy variable. Other factors significant to trade are GOP per capita of both trading countries, population level of both countries, common language spoken, and landlock-characteristic of countries.
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    Oil price, real GDP, and real exchange rate shocks and commodity price responses
    (2008-03) Angeles, Jan Erik R.; Velasco, Kevin Tristan S.
    With the steadfast increase in the prices of oil in recent years, what does it spell for the economy of the country and its people? As the prices of oil continue to increase, exchange rate of the country continues to depreciate and prices of commodities persistently increase. Although price rollbacks decrease the prices on certain commodities, there haven't been enough to negate the volume and gravity of the price increases before it. The same is true for the exchange rate of our currency. That being said, do oil price shocks have a direct negative or positive impact on the Philippine economic indicators, namely: gross domestic product, exchange rate, and domestic prices of commodities? This study explores and analyzes the relationship of oil price shocks on the different variables of the Philippine economy. Specifically, the study will uncover the velocity and magnitude of oil price shocks and their effects channel into the economic indicators and finally into commodity prices. This will give an insight to how much the Philippine economy relies on oil and how it responds and reacts to sudden increases in oil price.