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Subject: Family planning ×

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 21
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    The effectiveness of family planning programs on fertility trends: Philippines 1993-2013
    (2015-01) Juan, Ma. Erica C.; Odina, Aila Marie Y.; Tan, Edita A.
    Family planning programs have been implemented in the Philippines to lower the high fertility. Data shows that from 1993 to 2013, fertility rate declined in a slow phase. Rather than looking at the determinants of fertility, this thesis focused on the supply side of the story to explain why Philippines has a slow decline in fertility rate compared to other ASEAN countries. The paper analyzed the different family planning programs implemented during the past two decades to see how much information and assistance women in reproductive ages have received from the programs. Differences on fertility between the rich and the poor is attributed to factors such as higher income status of women, better education, and wider access to family planning services. Also, the paper highlights the declining supply of modem contraceptive methods from the government as $e major reason why certain regions of the country do not have access to these services.
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    Determinants of unmet need for family planning in the Philippines
    (2013-04) Allon, Joan Christine S.; Lim, Noel L.; Carlos, Fidelina N.
    The gap between a woman's fertility preference and her contraceptive behavior is defined as an unmet need for family planning. Our study extends the empirical analysis of Casterline, et al. (1997) regarding the determinants of unmet need in the Philippines by way of including explanatory variables that indicate women's fertility preference and perceived costs. Applying a logistic regression to a sample of 19, 918 married, fecund Filipino women, our study finds that: 1) total unmet need decreases significantly with the empowerment of women's fertility preferences and decision-making capacity and increases significantly with couple's perceived costs of contraception; 2) spouse-related characteristics render weak marginal effects on the propensity of the woman to have an unmet need; 3) unmet need does not exist independently of a woman's age; and 4) mistimed pregnancies prove to be more of a problem than unwanted pregnancies.
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    The impact of the Philippine family planning program on fertility
    (1982-01) Mercado, Rafaelita A.; Fabella, Raul V.
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    The impact of religious affiliation on the unmet need for family planning of women in the Philippines
    (2020-01-24) Gan, Stephaenie Natalie C.; Tee, Clarice Kimberley M.; Epetia, Christina
    Background: Religions prescribe moral codes that limit the choices individuals make for themselves, even in the aspect of reproductive health decisions. In the Philippines, approximately 96 percent of the population identify to have a religious affiliation and thus are highly influenced by religious doctrine. This secular state has constantly struggled with the influence and power that religious institutions like the Catholic Church hold, even within politics. In order for the Philippines to meet their international pledges United Nations (UN) with respect to their 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and be successful in meeting targets set by the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022, population control and reproductive health for women must be improved. To do this, it is important to identify the barriers that keep women from having full control over their decisions related to their reproductive health. This critical assessment of the Unmet Need for Family Planning (FP) can help policy-makers understand the crucial elements in drive this indicator, so that the government may better monitor and evaluate the Philippine population and health programs. Methods: The Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data for more than 25,000 women from over 31,000 households aged 15- 49 are analyzed in this study. Through a Multivariate Logistic Regression model, the probability of having an Unmet Need for (FP), based on varying independent variables, like one’s religious affiliation, is determined. Results: Only Islamic and Other Christian affiliates are found to have significant coefficients and hence significant average marginal effects. The researchers discovered that Muslim women are 9.77 percent less likely to have an unmet need than Catholic women, while Other Christian women are 2.81 percent more likely to have an Unmet Need for (FP) than the base group. Furthermore, being a part of any other religious minority group in the country, or not having a religious affiliation at all, is deemed to be insignificant factors in determining an individual’s need for FP. Out of all the other relevant control variables tested in this study, a woman’s age, level of educational attainment, exposure to family planning messages on television, and region of residence are deemed to be significant in determining the likelihood of having an Unmet Need for (FP) relative to their respective base groups. Conclusion: The dominance of religion in the Philippines means that religious influence in reproductive health behaviors of women is inevitable. Thus, the approach that the government takes in order to address the unmet needs of women must change. Beyond the usual recommendations for improving implementation and increasing awareness on FP, the government must work with Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs) and other religious institutions to decrease the negative connotation associated with contraception among the religious Filipinos, who are the majority of the population.
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    A genuine population policy: do we really need it?
    (1987-09) Agustin, Isauro M.; Banta, Belma O.; Dayrit, Arnold Bartolome S.; Pernia, Ernesto M.
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    Evidence of son preference and its influence of family building process in the Philippines
    (2001-10) Arellano, Elenita L.; Galvez, Maybelline Jo M.; Bautista, Socorro Gochoco
    The key question that will be addressed in the study is: "Is there a male child preference in the Philippines?" When male children are valued more by parents, there is son preference. If this phenomenon is present; parents will alter their fertility behavior as they build their families. The family building process depends on the preferences that parents exhibit in wanting more children. Son preference assumes that the presence or absence of a surviving son is a criterion for the fertility decision of the couple. This study will try to establish the presence or non-existence of son preference in the Philippines by focusing on the setting of the demand for children and testing the effect of the sex of the youngest or index child and the gender of the previous surviving children to the decision of a couple to have an extra child in their families. Other biological and socio-economic variables were also included. The results show that there is equal preference for sons and· daughters in the Philippines and the decision to have children is strongly affected by biological and cultural reasons and environmental influences. Parents in the country tend to hold similar attitudes about the relative importance and value their of daughters and sons in their households. However, Filipino still want bigger families. Although there is no son preference in the Philippines, still, many experience gender discrimination. Therefore, relevant gender-sensitive policies need to be adopted and applied.
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    I decide: evidence of autonomy and childbearing in the Philippines
    (2001-03) Consebido, Aileen B.; Rudio, Christopher C.; Solon, Orville
    When is the wife effective in bargaining with her husband on childbearing decisions? Drawing on household bargaining theory, we treat the childbearing decision as a negotiated outcome, with spouses' relative bargaining power a function of power variables such as age, education and employments status. Inclusion of household income and stratum enables further analysis of community level effects on the relative influence that the wife possesses on childbearing decisions. Working on the hypothesis that the empowerment of women leads them to want and have fewer children, this study examines women's autonomy in other spheres (economic and freedom of movement) with the expectation that these empowerment measures will carry over on childbearing. The results show that wives who are educated and working for household income have greater say on the childbearing decision and that wives with older husbands have less power to decide. Analysis of the community level variables revealed that household income increases the power possessed by the wife but at a diminishing rate. Unexpected results were obtained from the urban versus rural contexts and Muslim versus non-Muslim contexts. Also, the wife's role in the decision of the method used in family planning signals the wife's intent to have fewer children and can thus be considered as the dominant figure in childbearing decisions. In performing this study, we aim to identify the relevant variables that should be targeted by government policies in order for it to be effective. This study reasserts the importance of effecting policies that provides employment opportunities and greater education access for women.
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    What matters most: An analysis of the determinants of modern family planning methods
    (2002-03) Musico, Joan Colozo; Perez, Carlos Joaquin Martija
    The concept of population raises many sensitive points in terms of the sustainability of economic growth. This is because a rapidly growing population makes it difficult for countries to reduce incidence of poverty and to invest in human resources. Thus the practice of family planning can be seen not just as a means to limit fertility or space childbirths but also as a strategy to improve family welfare. Using data from the 1998 National Demographic and Health Survey, the study aims to identify the variables that are thought to influence the use of modem contraceptives as a means of family planning and determine their respective effects. It lists down three subgroups of independent variables: the woman's characteristics (her age, educational attainment, and occupation), the husband's characteristics (educational attainment and occupation), and their socio-environmental characteristics (the type of residence, religion, the . number of living children, and exposure to media). While the influence of age-old Filipino values and traditions still have effects on contraceptive use, the study shows that the changing times (the move towards modernity, the improvement of living standards, etc.) now has a greater influence on family planning decisions. Higher levels of education and greater exposure to media promote a greater awareness and greater approval of family planning. Hence, parents who have studied more and who are more aware of the goings on in the world are more likely to use modem methods of contraception.
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    A family planning policy recommendation based on forecasted demand for modern contraceptives of currently married women in the Philippines
    (2006-10) Bautista, Michelle Anne G.; Enriquez, Denise Cheska C.; Quimbo, Stella
    Family Planning (FP) programs were initiated in the Philippines in the year 1969 through Executive Order No. 171 with the aim of addressing the problem of the rapid growth of the Philippine population (DOH, 2002). Together with various foreign and local organizations, the Philippine government was able to provide contraceptives for free. It has now been 37 years since then and yet the country still faces the problem of overpopulation. Adding to this problem is the imminent withdrawal of foreign assistance for contraceptives. By the year 2008, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the biggest donor of free contraceptives to the Philippines, will withdraw its assistance to the Philippine government. Using data from the 2004 and 2005 Family Planning Survey (FPS), this study aims to forecast the budgetary requirements for government, if it were to achieve contraceptive self-reliance (CSR). These projections will be based on an analysis of demand for contraceptives among currently married women ages 15 to 49. This study examines the possibility of the government charging user fess for selected groups of women. This study discovers that government needs about 600 million pesos per year to achieve CSR. While this represents a 500 percent increase over current spending levels, the study also finds that government may be able to raise these amounts given an appropriate user fee scheme.
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    Factors associated with induced abortion in Metro Manila
    (2007-10) Domingo, Frances Yani P.; Rivera, Rene Cris P.; Pernia, Ernesto M.
    This paper identifies the factors associated with induced abortion using data from a community household survey in Metro Manila. Realizing that abortion is an end result of a series of sequential and interrelated events, it employs a three-stage analysis taking into account the factors associated with pregnancy and unwantedness of pregnancy. In each stage, the dichotomous response variable is regressed against demographic, socio-economic, and contraceptive use characteristics of women. Results indicate that women's parity and age are significantly associated with the unwantedness of pregnancy. Moreover, income and use of modern contraceptives are significantly associated with the incidence of induced abortion. Unlike many studies, this study yields a negative correlation between modern contraceptive use and induced abortion.