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Subject: Food security ×

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    The incidence of hunger in the Philippines
    (2006-04) Ramiro, Nicole Denise I.; Capuno, Joseph
    Hunger is perceived to be a serious problem in the Philippines. Fundamentally, poverty causes hunger. Government policies on hunger and poverty set the framework which defines the relationship between the two. The paper focuses on the identification of the hungry in the country by taking into account their characteristics. It presents a descriptive summary of the incidence of hunger in the Philippines, and its correlations to the standard measures of food poverty index are also discussed. It compares several measures of poverty and suggests that the hunger index be used in identifying those who are truly hungry. Finally, a list of the policies and programs geared towards its eradication will be provided. This will give an analysis of the effectiveness of the policy and its implications on the development of the hunger and also the poverty problem in the Philippines.
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    The effects of the WTO agreement on household food security in the Philippines
    (2005-04) Rosacia, Diane Christie A.; Villaflor, Emerald Joy R.
    This paper examines the effects of the WTO Agreement on food security in the Philippines, as measured by per capita expenditures on food. Specifically, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was used to assess whether the trade reform policies under the said agreement have improved rather than hurt food security at the household level. The results of the analysis reveal that per capita expenditures on food increased since the implementation of the WTO Agreement, thus implying that the trade reform policies enhanced food security of Filipino households. The study also demonstrates that the factor that most significantly influences per capita expenditures on food is the price of grain products. The study concludes that complementary policy measures should be implemented in order to attain the full benefits of the WTO Agreement.
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    Comparative advantage of rice production and achieving self-sufficiency in the Philippines
    (2008-03) Lim, Daren S.; Mangubat, Maria Lourdes Carissa B.
    The Philippines' rice sector's performance has, for some time, been declining and is having difficulty keeping up with the increasing demand. During the 1970s post-Green Revolution era, the Philippines was able to achieve self-sufficiency, yet government policy was inadequate to maintain a level of efficiency, thereby making the Philippines a net importer. The Philippines is known to have had comparative advantage in rice production since domestic resources and arable land were widely available. However, in recent years, its productivity and efficiency levels have been overtaken by its Asian neighbors. This study looks in to the performance of the rice sector over the recent decade. Assessment of comparative advantage through the domestic resource cost ratio (DRC) and shadow exchange rate (SER) shows that the Philippines may still have the potential to achieve higher efficiency levels. Two methods were used to estimate the SER: one method assumes present market conditions to hold in the long run, while the other assumes the economy to move towards free trade. Under both assumptions, it is found that the country still possesses comparative advantage. Furthermore, analysis of the rice markets shows that although domestic production still satisfies most of the demand, Filipinos are consuming more than the country can produce domestically, thus the need to import rice. The government must formulate and implement sound policies to fully exploit its potential.
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    Effect of agricultural R&D investment on urban poverty: the Philippine case
    (2008-03) Maloles, Daryl Eunika B.; Zuñiga, Fatima Eliza O.
    The escalating incidence of urban poverty in the Philippines has become a constant predicament of the government in the recent decades. Since food demand is responsive to price changes, lowering food prices might in fact alleviate urban poverty. This reduction in food prices is attributed to increased productivity in agriculture. Enhancing agricultural productivity is attainable through a myriad of factors, agricultural R&D spending being one. R&D contributes to human capital formation through public and private investments. This study attempts to find out if increasing agricultural R&D spending can alleviate urban poverty through lowered food prices. Using Philippine data, the study reveals that agricultural R&D investments improve agricultural productivity, driving food prices down. However, reduced food prices don't translate to lowered urban poverty which can be ascribed to the nature of the data and the instability of world oil prices.
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    Trade liberalization and food security: the Philippine case
    (1999-03) Camangon, Jaimee B.; Tan, Pia Gracinia V.; Herrin, Alejandro N.
    The ability to provide food for one's family is every man's duty, but in a country like the Philippines it has become more of a struggle to do so. Recent food crises burdened the common folk with increased prices making them more hopeless to provide for three meals a day. This food insecurity scenario has prompted recent Philippine governments to liberalize trade so that food shortages may be avoided. With the loosening of protectionism on local products, it is now possible for foreign goods to mix freely in the market. Free trade advocates posit that the opening up of the Philippine market to the world is beneficial to the economy. Local producers will have access to international market Via trade with other nations. It will allow for improved quality and lower prides of goods given the competition that foreign products will bring. However, those who oppose trade liberalization worry about the food-producing sector that might get displaced by the influx of foreign products. They theorize that the presence of imported, higher-quality products in the local market could alter supply patterns if local farmers shift from producing traditional crops like rice and corn to producing higher-yielding cash crops like honeydew melon, tomato, or garlic, to name a few. this research aims to prove ·whether a · shift in production and a displacement of local· in favor of foreign products will indeed occur as a result of liberalized ·trade. Certain indicators of trade liberalization such as the costs and returns of traditional food products versus those of higher-yielding crops are analyzed in succeeding chapters. The paper also highlights the significance of food supply availability and the associated fluctuations in the inflation rate. There are data included on import-export quotas and tariff rates levied on these quotas. Thus, this paper has shown that the shift to higher-yielding cash crops and the displacement of farmers will happen only if small farmers are to be subsidized by the Philippine government. Recent findings have shown that shifting to other crops require high capital infusion that only subsidized farmers in industrialized countries can afford. But subsidized farming is practically non- existent in the Philippines. To become a veritable force in the international market, the Philippine economy must meet the high standards of its competitors. Safety nets in the domestic system must be imposed. Local producers must be provided with sufficient fiscal, monetary and legislative backing. These include developing technologies geared towards the production and strengthening of high-yielding varieties that are able to compete in the world market, intensive restructuring of policy such as anti-dumping laws that promote the welfare of local producers, and provision of more adequate subsidies to give production incentives to farmers. It should be stressed that many of the deficiencies in the sector are systemic and will require a long-time and sustained effort before these can impact positively on productivity and competitiveness.