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Subject: Fuel pricing ×

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    The impact of oil prices on air pollution
    (2007-04-10) Runas, Allessandra Liberty Ilagan; Tuazon, Diana Jean Manongsong; Arcenas
    Unlike water, air has remained free for everybody. With the emergence of a number of drinking water purifying stations, it can be deduced that water that was once potable is now not directly consumable; whereas air is still a free and open-access good. It is by this reason that air quality is a concern on the global and local sense. Recently, a number of countries have signed the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement that restricts the countries' carbon (and other pollutants) emission. Studies regarding the causes and effects of pollution abound in literature. Environmental laws (e.g. Clean Air Act) have also been passed. Scientists have also invented biofuels that have the potential to cause less pollution than fossil fuel. Essentially, it is because of the circumstances mentioned above that air pollution is tackled in this paper. The central thesis of this paper is that there is a correlation between oil prices and air pollution. Two regression models are used to verify this. As a conclusion, the significant impact of oil prices to air pollution is clearly delineated. The paper ends with a number of policy recommendations that are based on the regression results.
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    The effect of oil in the price of selected food commodities
    (2008-10) Bundoc, Filipinas G.; Jacaban, Silvanna T.; Alburo, Florian
    The study analyses the relationship between the price of oil and of selected food commodities. The extension of Popkin's stage-of-processing model in general price determination was applied, wherein the current and lagged prices of resources, complements and substitutes, lagged own price and seasonality were included as variables. Using the correlation matrix analysis and least squares estimation, the significance of oil as an explanatory variable for the prices of food commodities was then determined. The correlation matrix showed a high positive correlation between diesel oil and food prices. However, using the least squares estimations, it was found that diesel oil prices, though significantly affects retail prices of some food commodities, is not a major factor which causes food prices to increase with respect to diesel oil prices. Previous prices of the food commodity and even the current and previous prices of its substitutes have greater effects on food prices. Thus, food price stabilization is not just a matter of keeping input prices such as oil to as low as possible; but primarily, guarding the general price level.
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    Petroleum prices, the value-added tax, and the welfare of poor households in the Philippines
    (2006-03) Ngwe, Donald K.
    Who is more burdened by rising petroleum prices and higher tax rates, the poor or the rich? The answer has several implications for social safety nets and' tax policy. This study first examines the relationship between fluctuations in petroleum prices and the welfare of households from different income classes. It then analyzes the dynamic between petroleum prices and household budgets. Income and expenditure data on the Philippines' 16 regions, collected during seven household surveys from 1985 to 2003, are used in a fixed effects model to generate the petroleum price elasticities of total household expenditures for each income class. Further, an augmented model is used to calculate the petroleum price elasticities of six commodity groups in the household budget. Finally, the paper simulates the impact of three different scenarios involving higher VAT rates and petroleum prices on the expenditure profiles of different income households. The study finds that petroleum price hikes adversely impact the poor more than the rich. Further, the inclusion of petroleum products in the R-VAT disproportionately hurts poor households.
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    The effects of gasoline price fluctuations on automobile consumer behavior: an empirical analysis using macro data
    (2008-10) Angot, Ladylou G.; Trinidad, Francesca Maria T.
    This paper analyzes the effects of oil price fluctuations on the demand for subcompact, compact, executive and large automobile classes. A macroeconomic data set that includes car prices, gasoline prices, disposable income, lagged car sales and interest rates, i employed to provide implications on automobile consumer behavior using an aggregate time series model. A dummy variable is used to account for the structural change in oil prices. The results of the study provide compelling evidence that increasing gasoline prices have a much stronger effect on subcompacts illustrating a shift in the buying preference of consumers from Jess efficient to more fuel-efficient automobiles.