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Subject: Government policy ×

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Government policies for affordable and accessible quality medicines in the Philippines: did the poor benefit?
    (2012-04) Tabuzo, Floreline Fae S.; Tañedo, Trixia Anne A.; Solon, Jose Orville C.
    Medicine prices in the Philippines are one of the most expensive in the world. This is the reason why the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008 was passed. The goal of the said policy is to increase the accessibility of quality medicines to everyone especially the poor as a part of the national health policy of the country. The Annual Poverty Indicators Survey 2008 is used to empirically test the relationship of government's efforts to reduce the prices of medicines and the social awareness and decision to buy. The study shows that the poor has the greatest tendency to buy the cheaper quality medicines from the government's programs given that they are aware of the existence of such programs. The rich will most likely not subscribe to these programs because they will prefer the branded medicines and other services provided by the private sector. The success of government policies to make quality medicines affordable and accessible is dependent on how the government educates its people especially the poor about the programs they provide. The success of the policy is determined by the increase in the number of households who buy the more atlordable quality medicines.
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    A case study on the effects of market intervention by the government: flour distribution in the Philippines
    (1985-03) Velasquez, Armando Ma. T. II; Ang Ping, Larry C.; Alonzo, Ruperto P.
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    Electoral cycles in Philippine fiscal and monetary policy
    (2007-10) Evangelista, Daryl Patrick; Libre, Philip Amadeus; Carlos, Fedelina Natividad
    Filipino politicians are frequently characterized as being driven by office-seeking motives. Despite this, surprisingly little systematic evidence is available to support the electoral-cycle hypothesis in the Philippines. This paper tests the real-world relevance of the long-standing belief in election economics by using intervention analysis or interrupted time series analysis, a version of the classical multiple regression model, to determine the impact of elections on economic policies and economic outcomes. Time series regressions confirm the presence of political business cycles in measures of fiscal policy such as total government expenditures and public construction spending. However, monetary authorities show no inclination to engage in pre-electoral expansion on their own. They respond to higher money demand near election periods by adjusting the domestic and foreign components of the monetary base to stabilize the growth of monetary aggregates. The net effect of fiscal policy manipulations on measures of aggregate economic activity is found to be negligible.
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    Determinants of tax revenue share in the Philippines
    (2008-04) Magayanes, Dancyl R.; Reside, Renato
    Philippines, like other ASEAN nations, has shown a decline in revenue collections starting 1997 contributing to large fiscal deficits. However, beginning 2001, other ASEAN countries have recovered while the Philippines has yet to improve to go back to the pre-1997 level. This paper will focus on the tax revenue since it comprises a large part of government revenue. This paper uses time series data for the Philippines during 1979-2006 to analyze the determinants of tax revenue share in the Philippines. The results show that both Consumption and Government Expenditures in proportion to GDP significantly affects the tax revenue of the country. Other factors include per capita GDP, fiscal deficit per GDP, Investments per GOP, Net exports per GDP, and population density.
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    The impact of governance on human development: a cross-country analysis
    (2009-10) Platon, Pamela T.; Solidor, Eira B.
    This paper explores the link between governance and human development. An essential point of divergence for this study is that it makes use of the Human Development Index in evaluating well-being rather than the more conventional GDP measures. In conducting the study, the group experiments with a series of equations patterned after two basic models. It finds that, while controlling for macroeconomic policies and initial conditions for growth, positive changes in governance have a systematic and significant impact on human development changes. Contrary to the fundings of Sachs, results show that a country's climatic condition is not an important factor in improving human development. Geographic regions prove to be significant in advancing human development. Some macroeconomic policies that effectively alleviate poverty don't have the same impact on development, like openness to trade, for example. While greater openness is appropriate for most economies, some countries are better off limiting trade. Moreover, both the rise in the change in government expenditure and change in inflation have positive impacts on human welfare. This is despite the traditional notion that public spending alone is not a sufficient solution for poor human development. Likewise, findings on inflation are disturbingly in contrast with what was generally anticipated. A number of literatures suggest that greater increases in inflation are correlated with lesser improvements in human development. The challenge for both researchers and policy makers is to go beyond the conventional wisdom, that is, to explore better ways of explaining real- life phenomena. The hope is that this study will prompt future research on human development that relies on measures that comprehensively reflect human well-being.
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    Spending for vehicle congestion in Metro Manila
    (2009-10) Estopin, Danica Loy; Umlas, Anna Jennifer L.; Solon, Orville
    Vehicular congestion is a serious problem faced by urban cities because it increases transportation expenditures. In this study, we try to estimate the vehicular congestion cost per household in the National Capital Region (NCR). The Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIBS) in 2003 is used. However, the FIBS does not have a direct measure of vehicular congestion. As an alternative we use NCR relative to other regions as a proxy variable for congestion. Because the sample contains households with zero private transportation expenditures, the Heckman Selection model is used to regress the household private transportation expenditure with respect to its socio- demographic characteristics. The vehicular congestion cost is computed by getting the partial derivative with respect to NCR. The results show that congestion costs are highest among postgraduates.