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Subject: Healthcare access ×

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    Determinants of provincial maternal mortality rates of the Philippines
    (2007-11) Broñosa, Karen Mae Ravalo; Malana, Rachel Cantor; Tan, Edita Abella
    This paper identifies the various determinants of maternal mortality rates (MMR) of the 75 provinces of the Philippines. It uses panel data which covers the years 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2006 and analyses which variables exert significant effects on MMR differences across provinces. Using fixed effects model type of regression, the equation explains about 68% of the variations in MMR levels. Variables examined are a combination of socio-demographic, socio-economic, quality of health care and environmental indicators. Fixed regression results show that health manpower (doctors, nurses, midwives, etc.) significantly affects MMR while health facilities such as public hospitals, private hospitals, rural health units and barangay health stations have negative relationship with MMR. Bed capacity is rather more significant than health facilities per se. The socio-economic variables: percentage of high school graduate per province (as a proxy for education) and poverty incidence and average family income (as a proxy for income) are seen to have a great impact on MMR levels showing significance and negative relationship with MMR. Also, the authors examine the relationship of the indicators of. maternal health to maternal mortality rate which represents the quality of maternal health care available. The paper finds that the variable percentage of women who had tetanus toxoid immunizations is negatively correlated with MMR while percentage of pregnant women seen on their third pre-natal visits, percentage of women · who receive at least one post-partum visit, percentage of women in their reproductive years given iodized oil capsules and percentage of lactating mothers given Vitamin A- all have significant effects on MMR. Access to safe water supply is also proven to have negative relationship with MMR.
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    Does money save lives? the effects of monetary assistance on the likelihood of getting a kidney transplant
    (2010-03) Cris, Rodanel L.; Jampac, Jeanne May P.; Desierto, Desiree
    Kidney failure is one of the many problems we face today. In the Philippines, 10,000 people develop kidney failure a year (Danguilan, 2008}. Due to inadequate income of most kidney patients and also the lack of monetary assistance from private and public entities, a portion of this population die without ever getting medical attention. Following various literatures from both foreign and local, this paper uses months on dialysis to relate the likelihood of getting a kidney transplant as a function of total family income, total monetary assistance and family composition. From. the medical and psychosocial evaluation records of 51 indigent kidney recipients gathered by the Medical Social. Services of the National Kidney and Transplant Institute, ordinary least squares are ran to show the effects of the abovementioned variables. Results show that income and family composition are inversely proportional to the waiting time, that is, the higher the income the shorter the waiting time, whereas monetary assistance is directly proportional, that is, the higher the monetary assistance the longer the waiting time on dialysis.
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    The effect of provincial income class on the determinants of infant mortality in the Philippines
    (2008-04) Gonzales, Kimberely; Prado, Erika Gia
    Infant mortality is an urgent national concern for many developing countries. While a decline in aggregate Philippine infant mortality rates has been observed, the national average masks the fact that less developed provinces achieve relatively meager improvements in child mortality. In order to derive policy implications on how to best address the problem of health inequalities, separate regressions are run for three groups of provinces: first income class, second income class, and third and fourth income classes. The results reveal variations on the significance of child health determinants. In particular, public expenditures are significant explanatory variables in lower income provinces, but insignificant in richer provinces. This implies that the government must consider provincial income per capita in allocating its resources, allotting a bigger portion to less developed provinces. The Local Government Code of 1991, which states how government resources are allocated among local government units, was not intended to be progressive. Education and the number of public hospitals also show greater effects on infant mortality rates in lower economic sectors. Conversely, household expenditures on health and the number of private hospitals are found to be more significant in provinces with higher income.