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Subject: Household spending ×

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 14
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    The effects of income versus parental valuation on Philippine household spending on education
    (2014-04-04) Abad, Katrina B.; Alvarez, Julian Thomas B.; Solon, Orville Jose C.
    Household spending on education becomes increasingly significant as out-of-pocket financing for education becomes inevitable. With limited public resources to finance the expansion of public education, examining household spending for education gains more importance. This study aims to examine household financing for schooling by comparing income and parental valuation effects on Philippine household spending on education. Using 2011 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey, Heckman selection model suggests these findings: (1) education spending at household level generally increases with family income and parental valuation, (2) marginal household spending on education significantly varies across income groups and across levels of parental valuation, and (3) on average, income effect dominates parental valuation effect in household's decision to invest on education. However, magnitude of income and parental valuation effects varies for different estimate groups involved in the decomposition analysis. Using household spending for schooling as an alternative indicator for demand-side financing, results of the study pinpoint specific households that should be given high priority for government's assistance programs. Moreover, findings allow policy-makers to evaluate the impacts of financial incentives and social marketing strategies targeted to stimulate more household spending on education.
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    An analysis of household spending for pets
    (2001-10) Casimiro, Millie Jane; Samson, Sheryl; Danao, Rolando
    Pets have been part of many households here in the Philippines, and even in other countries. Taking care of a pet do not just require energy and time, but money as well. It must be emphasize, however, that not only households who belong in the richer bracket own pets, but those with lower income as well. Pets eat up a fraction of the income the household earns. How does this fraction change? Household income, the number of pets, the breed of the pet and the type of pet are the primary factors that affect each household's pet expense. The size of the household, which consistently has been seen to affect the spending pattern of the household on other goods, has in no way affected their expense for the animals they keep.
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    Demographic transition and household saving in the Philippines
    (2004-03) Dalisay, Paulyn A.; Fernandez, Justin Ray Angelo J.
    This paper evaluates the impact of demographic transition on household saving. Particularly, it asks how much of Philippine household saving could be attributed to its demographic features. An Ordinary Least Squares Regression model was constructed using total household saving for the year 2000 as dependent variable; and working ratio and household age as the relevant demographic variables. Results show that demographic variables significantly affect household saving. In particular, the working ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the number of working individuals to the total family size, is found to highly affect household saving. Moreover, age categories show that life cycle saving is consistent to Philippine household saving behavior.
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    Determinants of household spending on education in the Philippines
    (2008-10-23) Del Mundo, Ana Marice B.; Delos Reyes, Joy Maria B.; Solon, Orville
    Education financing in the Philippines seems to have a downward movement: national budget share for education is shrinking because of the budgetary fiscal contraction, while the total family expenditure for education is decreasing due to soaring price levels of basic commodities. In response to these recent developments, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the household decision on how much to spend on education and to ascertain which regions are at the margin and are in need of government subsidies for education using FIES 2003 and supplemental macro-level data. Although the decline in public and private spending is the case in point, the enduring question is not so much of how much money there is to spend but how it should be spent. As is evident in the existing literature, the disparity in government spending on education has been dramatic across regions. From here, we find the binding need to address the problem of inequitable allocation of government funds for education in the Philippines. The estimation results are generally in accord with expectations. We found incremental increases in the total family expenditure escalating the levels of household education expenditure by 5.6%, which is indicative of how wealth characteristics of the household press influence on its spending on education. Moreover, the economic status of the household is found to matter when it concerns the poorest 30%. Contrary to previous studies, we found that the poor significantly spend more on education. We also found a dominant scale effect of the number of household dependents working on the household's spending on education. Education expenditures are found to be modest when the household draws income primarily from wages but significantly higher when the household is agricultural or when the spouse of the head of household is employed. Moreover, we find no isolated regional effects that are significant on the household's expenditure on education. Regional disparities are found to be dramatic when regional effects are combined with that of total family expenditure. In particular, households in Central Luzon, CARAGA and MIMAROPA spend unreasonably more than NCR does, where the largest share of education expenditure in the national funds for education is concentrated.
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    An analysis of factors affecting food consumed outside home expenditures of Filipino households
    (2008-10) De Asis, Diane Kate Gomez; Solon, Orville
    Family Income and Expenditure Surveys (FIES) from 1988-2003 have shown that Filipino families' spending on food consumed outside the home is increasing. Using data from the 2003 FIES, this study examines the factors affecting expenditures for food consumption away from home of Filipino households. In particular, the study focuses on economic and demographic characteristics that affect outside the home food expenditure. Due to significant numbers of zero reported expenditure, Heckman's two-step model was used to estimate food away from home expenditure equation. Household size, total income, and urban region of residence are found to be highly significant factors affecting the decision to spend and how much to spend on food consumed outside home. Furthermore, higher level of education of household head decreases the spending on food consumed outside the home possibly implying of an increased in health concerns of ~he household head. Increasing food prices, energy prices, and urbanization are also shown to decrease the household's spending on food away from home. These results could have a negative impact for the Philippine food service industry.
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    Exchange rates and consumer spending
    (2001-07) Depasucat, Reyna Faith B.; Sinay, Joy Blessilda F.
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    Impact of interest rates on consumer durable spending
    (2003-10) Lu, Frederick Y.
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    Tax effects on household capital formation in the Philippines
    (2008-10) Caylao, Jerome V.; Morsequillo, Arlene V.
    This paper investigates the effect of taxes on the capital formation expenditure of Filipino households. This study, using data and variables from the 2003 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, defines household capital formation as outlays that include education, medical, house rental value, bank deposits, payments for insurance premiums. A new variable is derived from this definition. This variable (household capital formation) is then divided to the total expenditure of the family. The capital formation share to total expenditures is regressed against total income, family size, education of household head, sex of household head, region, grouping of the family's main source of income, income tax, real estate tax and other direct taxes. It is found out that certain regions, educational attainment and sources of income are significant to capital formation spending. Share of household capital formation to total expenditure would depend on the explanatory variables, such as the total income sex of the household head, educational attainment of the household head and the region the household is situated. More importantly, it was found out that taxes are significant to the equation, which implies that total tax payment has an effect on the proportion of capital formation spending of the household. Total taxes paid by the household affect the share of capital formation to total household expenditure negatively. Specifically, this means that increasing total paid taxes by a P100, 000 per year will decrease capital formation by 1.56%.