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Item Restricted Remittances and natural disasters: the response of remittances to natural disasters and the role of remittances on consumption(2010-10) Gochoco, Jose Bernardo B. III; Lazatin, Janine Elora M.; Kraft, AleliThe prevailing trend in migration and remittances around the world, especially in the Philippines and the frequency of natural disasters affecting the Philippines are the two motivations for this study. This study aims to answer two related questions. First, it asks how remittances respond to natural disasters. The second question focuses on the effects of remittance inflows, as being affected by disasters, on the consumption behavior of households. It asks how remittances affect household consumption and expenditure. The first question determines whether remittances are cyclical or counter cyclical to income shocks. Estimations of pooled cross-section Philippine regional data show that remittances in the regional level are counter cyclical, while estimations to answer the second question show that per capita expenditures on food, health, and education move in the same direction as remittances. The study emphasizes the importance of remittances to recipient households in coping with income shocks and it is recommended that policy promote remittance flows especially during times when the onset of natural disasters pose severe damages in order to help affected households provide for their expenditures on food, health, and education.Item Restricted An ex-ante evaluation of the effects of the 4P CCT program on household welfare, poverty and inequality(2010-04) Raymundo, Denisse Monica; Sanchez, Ma. Jessica Christine; Jandoc, KarlWe measure the household expenditure and welfare effects of the World Bank Conditional Cash Transfer Program by estimating the changes in income brought about by an increase of five years of schooling for every income-qualified and age-qualified child. To eliminate externalities, changes are estimated considering income as a function of only the number of children and the total years of child schooling in the household. Two different targeting strategies were used and compared-the targeting applied by DSWD (children of poor households of the 40 poorest provinces) and targeting children of all poor households. Both targeting schemes were shown to increase the income of the beneficiaries, reducing poverty and inequality levels of the population.Item Restricted Ticket to poverty: a study on the duration and probability of becoming poor(2010-03-24) Cabalfin, Ronna Dorin B.; Urabe, Haruka C.This paper explores the duration of poverty of NCR and ARMM as well as variables that contribute to the probability of entering poverty. By clearing the 2000, 2003 and 2006 FIES to build a panel data, matched households' incomes were subjected to the annual poverty threshold set by the NSCB. Non-income measures were used to explain the dynamics. Probit regression was employed to evaluate the effect of the variables to the probability of entering poverty. Using this approach, there was great disparity in the results per region. Poverty is more dynamic in ARMM than NCR. A higher occurrence of entering rather than exiting poverty for ARMM was observed. Thus, poverty-related policies should not have a 'one-size-fits-all' perspective. Policies for NCR may focus on poverty prevention while those directed to ARMM should focus on intense poverty reduction. The statistically significant variables in the regression were region and proportion of members employed, reinforcing the influence of the region on the status of a household. Households in NCR have lower probability of entering poverty. The higher the proportion of members employed to total family members, the lower the probability of that household to become poor. Possible policies directed to increasing employment opportunities or slowing down the population growth rate could lessen the overall probability of entering poverty.