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Subject: Informal economy ×

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Estimating the Philippine underground economy a latent variable approach
    (2004-01) Alerta, Maria Jovelyn; Diaz, Ivy D.; Diokno, Benjamin
    This paper aims to estimate the size of the Philippine underground economy by means of a structural, latent variable model approach that provides a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMC) for the underground economic activity. The estimated latent variable model was used to generate a historical time-series index for the years 1980-2002. From the 8 MIMC models simulated, three causal variables manifested significant structural parameter estimates: government consumption (as proxy for size of the public sector and degree of government regulation), self-employment and the strength and efficacy of the justice system. The other remaining causal variables however were able to manifest their expected signs in spite of not being able to attain the required significance level. Parameter estimates from the general model consisting of 6 causal variables and 2 indicator variables (MIMC 6-1-2) and MIMC 3-1-2 were used to calculate the size of the Philippine underground economy for the years 1980-2002. It was observed that the size of the Philippine underground economy had been generally increasing over the time period. A comparison of the growth rates of GDP and the underground economy also showed that the two seem to move closely together and a general positive relationship may be observed.
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    An inquiry on the socio-economic characteristics of ambulant vendors in Manila City
    (2004-10) Canales, Kristine Laura S.; Tan, Edita
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    Trends in the Philippine urban informal sector
    (1988-03) San Juan, Carmencita P.
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    The economics of bribery in the streets of Metro Manila
    (2005-09) Cabangon, Erika Viel R.; Chua, Jannah Elaine P.
    This paper analyzes how individual factors contribute to the incidence of bribery in traffic law enforcement. Factors such as moral values, income and penalties are studied and associated to the incentive of traffic officers to take bribes. Bribery is observed as a common practice in traffic law enforcement and this paper attempts to present some reason behind the situation. This involves calculating an average net gain for the officials who take bribes, taking into account the benefits derived from a bribe and the legal and moral costs that go along with taking one. Based on the empirical results of this study, officials do derive positive gains from participating in bribery, despite the presence of penalties and moral costs. It is recommended that further studies in this area take these results into consideration and that policies that recognize these factors will be implemented.
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    The economic cost of morality: a jueteng case: how does legalized jueteng impact the society?
    (2009-10) Regala, Eunice Loi M.; Torrenueva, Jay C.
    The operative word in describing jueteng in the Philippine Society is impunity - Everyone knows it, but no one is caught. Jueteng has been widely perceived as deeply rooted in the Filipino Culture. In fact, jueteng-related activities start from the ordinary market vendor and may end up to the president of the Philippines. Yet the numbers game of the "masses" remains to be illegal. Numerous legislators attempted to legalize the game but to no avail. So to end this much-heated debate, the topic must be tackled objectively. Hence, we ask the question, "How does legalized jueteng impact the society?" An earlier study provides a monetary cost-benefit analysis if jueteng is legalized. Based from the lndon Study, the legalization option is the optimal solution. However, monetary benefits do not embody the whole economic cost of legalization. For this reason, the researchers looked at the benefits and costs in the following sectors: individual, enterprise, government, and society. This is done to further analyze the socioeconomic impacts and economic implications of legalization. This study aims to determine why jueteng, although a popular game of the masses, remains an illegal form of gambling. The study discusses the socioeconomic benefits and costs of legalized jueteng, focusing on the role of morality and social cost - if earlier findings can be applied in the Philippine context - and if its impact is greater than the benefits of legalized jueteng so as to fight off the game's legalization. Morality degradation is the strongest argument against legalization. Nevertheless, based on the researchers' analysis, even though morality is marginally degraded in legalized jueteng, the corruption resulting from illegal gambling is greatly reduced. This reduction in corruption may offset the effects of morality degradation. Therefore, legalization of jueteng, setting the monetary benefits aside, truly does make economic sense.