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Item Restricted Labor absorption in the government service sector(1986-09-24) Milo, Maria Melanie Remedios S.; Alonzo, RupertoItem Restricted Philippine employment policies: its effects on labor absorption (1950-1980)(1987-09) Crisol, Jose Borromeo Jr.; Robles, Carlos Santos III; Herrin, AlejandroItem Restricted Capital-labor substitution in the Philippine manufacturing sector(1988-05-27) Ancheta, John Kenneth D.; Canlas, DanteItem Restricted The determinants of labor force participation in the Philippines, 1990 and 2000(2004-10) Clave, Danica Anna P.; Morada, Gerada Raymund A.; Estudillo, Jonna P.Item Restricted Determinants of inter-regional migration in the Philippines(2004-10) Jimenez, Ma. Jeanette F.; Sotto, Erica Christel A.; Alonzo, RupertoThe advent of the 1980s has seen a shift in the characteristics of the Philippine internal migration streams to a more urban-ward movement. Migration is seen as a prominent contributory factor in the country's spatial imbalance in population distribution, making it a relevant developmental concern. This paper attempts to delve deeper into the issue of internal migration in the Philippines by examining the phenomenon at its very core, which is, the rationale behind the decision of an individual to migrate. The main objectives that this research hopes to achieve are to test for the significant determinants of inter-regional migration in the Philippines for the years 1985-1990, to determine the differences in migratory decision between males and females, and to draw policy implications and recommendations based on the results. With regression analysis, it has been found that the significant variables which affect the migration rate are the following: income at origin, income at destination, unemployment at origin, unemployment at destination, urbanization at origin, urbanization at destination, farm density at destination, income difference, unemployment difference, urbanization difference, farm density difference, past migration, distance, and ethnicity. Each one exhibited the hypothesized sign except for income at origin, urbanization at origin, unemployment at destination, and unemployment difference, which through further analysis was found to be consistent with the Todaro migration hypothesis. Past migration emerged as an overwhelmingly dominant variable. The model generally exhibited a better fit for female migration than male migration.Item Restricted The effects of minimum wages on poverty in the Philippines(2004-10) Licup, Armando III; Yasay, Donald; Tan, EditaThe existence of minimum wage legislation in the Philippines is justified by the following reasons: to meet the minimum standards of living for the workers and to develop a more equitable distribution of income and wealth. These reasons led the authors to conduct this study to find out whether minimum wages really fight poverty and help promote a better standard living for the workers. To check whether minimum wages are correlated to the poverty threshold, an OLS regression was done on minimum wages versus unemployment rate and daily poverty threshold of family of six. Another OLS regression analyses on the covered and uncovered sectors versus variables that determine employment were conducted in order to see the employment dispersion effects of minimum wage legislation. An OLS regression of poverty incidence versus minimum wages, the size of uncovered sector and other variables affecting poverty was also done to find out whether minimum wages and the percentage size of the uncovered sector affects poverty incidence across regions. This study found out that the government take in consideration the poverty threshold in setting minimum wage rates. This finding is shared by two different analyses used in this study. First, it is shown by the poverty threshold and nominal minimum wage rates moving together in the trends analysis. However, the nominal minimum wage rates do not meet the poverty threshold. The other analysis that gives the same observation is the OLS regression used on minimum wages versus poverty threshold and unemployment. The regression showed a very significant positive relationship of the daily poverty threshold and minimum wages. But the positive relationship is not enough to explain that minimum wage hikes increases the purchasing power of the poor. Trends analysis will show that minimum wages was just about 70% of the daily poverty threshold of a family of six, implying that it is not enough to meet the basic needs of the poor, in short it does not increase the purchasing power of the poor. The study also found out that the size of the uncovered sector or informal sector is negatively correlated to changes in minimum wages. This is a counter to the traditional view that increases in the minimum wages rates enlarge the uncovered sector. The authors also found out that the size of the uncovered sector is a good indicator of the level of poverty. This finding is from the regression of the poverty incidence versus minimum wages, size of uncovered sector and other variables that determine poverty. The regression also gave out results showing that minimum wage is an insignificant determinant of poverty. However, a connection between the size of the uncovered sector and minimum wages might complete the story. Because of the negative relationship of minimum wages and the size of the uncovered sector and the positive relationship of poverty and the size of the uncovered sector it can be said that indeed there are some indications that minimum wages fight poverty, but in almost insignificant magnitude, in the Philippines.Item Restricted Small and medium enterprise employment in the Philippines: a sectoral and regional analysis(2008-03) Cimagala, Alexis N.; Cortina, Anezka Danett G.; Quimbo, StellaThe Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) sector is a promising and unexploited channel for labor absorption and poverty reduction in the country. This paper examines the factors affecting SME employment, more specifically, the contribution of macroeconomic indicators and policies to SME employment. It analyzes variations in SME employment across regions and sectors to explore policy interventions that could lead to higher employment creation per region and per sector. It also provides a comprehensive background that includes a discussion on Philippine SMEs and the link between SME employment and poverty reduction. Regression analyses reveal that there are notable differences on the effects of SME employment determinants on SME employment in sectors and regions, indicating that selected policies must be aimed at either regions or sectors to reach optimal SME employment growth. GOP and tax policies must be geared to SMEs across sectors, while policies on wages and loans have more favorable employment effects across regions. Finally, increases in the number of establishments must be well-distributed across regions and sectors in order to equally stimulate SME employment growth and successfully contribute to poverty reduction.Item Restricted Determinants of the labor force participation of the youth (1961-1985)(1987-03) Apostol, Agnes; Banaglorioso, TeresaItem Restricted An input-output analysis of the employment effects of selected Philippine exports(1987-03) Duran, Francisco G.; Eco, Dulce Amor M.Item Restricted Labor force participation in a less-developed economy: the Philippine case(1987-11) Adriano, Martin B.; Fernandez, Ramon Z. L. III