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Item Restricted Political dynasty in the local governments of Metro Manila(2013-10) Coronel, Lianca Patrice P.; Yambao, Jose III F.; Balanquit, Romeo Matthew T.This paper contributes to the existing literature of political dynasties by providing a quantifiable and comparative measure on the intensity of political dynasties within the local governments of the National Capital Region of the Philippines. Although there is currently an extensive literature on political dynasties in the Philippines, none have yet quantified the magnitude of political dynasties based on the scope and successions of power of dynasties at a geographical level. We created a Political Dynasty Index to measure the intensity of political dynasties per city through a set of multidimensional criteria: Type of succession, scope of current term, distance between terms, and degree of relation. Using the NCR local government elections results since 1988 from the Comelec on Elections, we identifY the political dynasties per city and score them according to the point system given by the index. We find that out of the 17 cities in NCR, Las Pinas scored the highest as the city with the highest intensity of political dynasties while Taguig scored the lowest as having the least intensity of political dynasties in its local government. In addition, a large weight of a city's score was greatly influenced by only one or two dominating political families in each city. These dynasties continue to grow as they maintain their hold on key positions in local government. Particularly, dominant political dynasties head both the executive and legislative branch of the city, which are ideally meant to check and balance one another. Moreover, officials elected into high positions in local government are found to start political dynasties while in power as they are succeeded by another family member before their term ends.Item Restricted Post-decentralization fiscal behavior of metropolitan Manila local governments: has there been a change?(2003-04-03) Danao, Merrianne V.; Daway, Sarah Lynne S.; Diokno, BenjaminHas there been a change in the fiscal behavior of the 17 Metro Manila local governments after decentralization? This paper intends to answer this main question using panel data analyses. We look at the fiscal behavior of local governments with respect to local revenue mobilization, expenditure allocation, and fiscal balance maintenance, before and after decentralization. The overall results that emerge suggest consequential changes in the fiscal behavior of Metro Manila local governments. On the local revenue-raising behavior, different clusters of local governments (original cities, newly-converted cities, and municipalities) have responded differently to higher intergovernmental grant (Internal Revenue Allotment). On the expenditure side, there has been a significant shift in expenditure priority from economic services to social services. And on the overall fiscal balance, a majority of the local governments increased their average fiscal surpluses (in absolute terms and as percent of total expenditures), though some have become less fiscally responsible.Item Restricted The determinants of local government health expenditures in the provinces of the Philippines(2005-04-06) How, Joseph Gregory H.; Melendres, Carl Vincent A.; Tan, EditaMany functions were devolved to local government units with the passage of the 1991 Local Government Code, including the majority of health services. A number of problems faced by the decentralized health sector bring doubt to the efficiency gains from decentralization. This paper uses cross-sectional time-series regressions analyzing 2001 to 2003 data in studying how local government health expenditures are determined. It finds that local governments are sensitive to local health needs, as indicated by higher health spending in areas with poorer health status. Local governments with more financial resources are found to spend more on health care per capita. The management of more hospitals is another factor that leads to higher local government health spending. Substitution effects between DOH and local government health spending are observed, indicating that higher DOH spending leads to a reduction in the responsiveness of local governments to local health needs and responsibilities. The study also uses regressions to examine whether public health expenditures in 2001 affected health status in the following year. The regression results do not indicate that provinces with higher public health spending in 2001 enjoyed better health in the following year. This may mean that public health expenditures are ineffective. However, the possibility that it may take more than one year-for public health expenditures to lead to observable benefits should not be ignored.Item Restricted Revenues and expenditures of local governments by region, 1977(1980-03) Magno, Marinel C.Item Restricted Local government expenditures(1983-03-07) Cruz, Ma. Nannette L.