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Item Restricted Effectivity of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on maternal health care of the beneficiaries(2018-05) Tulauan, Nerie Angelie T. ; Ybañez, Patricia Mae L. ; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.Maternal health is the health status of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal period. According to the World Health Organization, hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor are the major direct causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Partly to address this problem in the Philippines, the government has created the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to expand utilization of maternal health care services for its beneficiaries, particularly the poor households. This study uses the 2013 round of National Demographic and Health Survey and employ Propensity Score Matching (PSM) in order to assess outcome differences between Pantawid household beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The results show that the covariates are consistent with the program’s targeting mechanism in which among the 32 covariates, 11 are statistically significant (at the 1 percent level). The results also show that being a Pantawid beneficiary significantly improves the maternal and neonatal health of the recipients through continuous utilization of proper maternal health care services required by the program but facility-based delivery and delivery assistance by skilled health birth attendants were not significantly improved by the program.Item Restricted I decide: evidence of autonomy and childbearing in the Philippines(2001-03) Consebido, Aileen B.; Rudio, Christopher C.; Solon, OrvilleWhen is the wife effective in bargaining with her husband on childbearing decisions? Drawing on household bargaining theory, we treat the childbearing decision as a negotiated outcome, with spouses' relative bargaining power a function of power variables such as age, education and employments status. Inclusion of household income and stratum enables further analysis of community level effects on the relative influence that the wife possesses on childbearing decisions. Working on the hypothesis that the empowerment of women leads them to want and have fewer children, this study examines women's autonomy in other spheres (economic and freedom of movement) with the expectation that these empowerment measures will carry over on childbearing. The results show that wives who are educated and working for household income have greater say on the childbearing decision and that wives with older husbands have less power to decide. Analysis of the community level variables revealed that household income increases the power possessed by the wife but at a diminishing rate. Unexpected results were obtained from the urban versus rural contexts and Muslim versus non-Muslim contexts. Also, the wife's role in the decision of the method used in family planning signals the wife's intent to have fewer children and can thus be considered as the dominant figure in childbearing decisions. In performing this study, we aim to identify the relevant variables that should be targeted by government policies in order for it to be effective. This study reasserts the importance of effecting policies that provides employment opportunities and greater education access for women.Item Restricted Beyond 9 months: a study on the significance of early childbearing on a women's educational attainment(2002-11) Aguilar, Karla Antonette S.In this paper, we model and estimate the relationship between teenage childbearing at different ages and educational attainment. We employ a two-stage least squares estimation method to take into account the endogeneity and simultaneity bias of age at first childbirth and educational attainment. Using data from the 1994 Young Adult Fertility Survey (YAFS2), we find that teenage childbearing at any age substantially reduces years of formal education and hence the educational attainment of women. Our results suggest that "a teen birth is a teen birth", and that public policies that reduce teenage childbearing are likely to have positive effects on the economic well being of young mothers.Item Restricted Determinants of provincial maternal mortality rates of the Philippines(2007-11) Broñosa, Karen Mae Ravalo; Malana, Rachel Cantor; Tan, Edita AbellaThis paper identifies the various determinants of maternal mortality rates (MMR) of the 75 provinces of the Philippines. It uses panel data which covers the years 1997, 2000, 2003 and 2006 and analyses which variables exert significant effects on MMR differences across provinces. Using fixed effects model type of regression, the equation explains about 68% of the variations in MMR levels. Variables examined are a combination of socio-demographic, socio-economic, quality of health care and environmental indicators. Fixed regression results show that health manpower (doctors, nurses, midwives, etc.) significantly affects MMR while health facilities such as public hospitals, private hospitals, rural health units and barangay health stations have negative relationship with MMR. Bed capacity is rather more significant than health facilities per se. The socio-economic variables: percentage of high school graduate per province (as a proxy for education) and poverty incidence and average family income (as a proxy for income) are seen to have a great impact on MMR levels showing significance and negative relationship with MMR. Also, the authors examine the relationship of the indicators of. maternal health to maternal mortality rate which represents the quality of maternal health care available. The paper finds that the variable percentage of women who had tetanus toxoid immunizations is negatively correlated with MMR while percentage of pregnant women seen on their third pre-natal visits, percentage of women · who receive at least one post-partum visit, percentage of women in their reproductive years given iodized oil capsules and percentage of lactating mothers given Vitamin A- all have significant effects on MMR. Access to safe water supply is also proven to have negative relationship with MMR.Item Restricted Infant and child mortality in the Philippines(2008-10) Cabal, Billie Kristel D.G.; Morada, Julienne Marie A.; Tan, EditaItem Restricted The length of birth intervals and its effects on maternal health: Philippine setting(2010-10) Santiago, Jessyka Mae N.; Victor, Kristine Joy P.; Capuno, JosephThe desire to measure the effects of the length of birth intervals on maternal health in the Philippines is the primary factor motivating this study. This paper examines the effect of longer birth intervals on a mother's health using the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS 2008) data. Pregnancy complications-prior delivery and during delivery-were used as indicators to measure the maternal health. Vaginal bleeding and urinary tract infection during pregnancy as· well as prolonged labor and excessive bleeding during childbirth pose hazards to both fetal and maternal health. The authors used probit regression model to estimate the results because of the presence of binary dependent variables. There was also a need to motivate the probit regression since one of the regressors, Preceding Birth Interval, is endogenous. Results show that the longer the birth spacing, the lesser the risks of experiencing complications in the urinary bladder.