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    A study on the influence of OFW parents on children’s education
    (2022-06-13) Llamas, Sophia Margarita E.; Uy, Jan David D.; Solon, Orville Jose C.
    This paper seeks to establish the influence of Filipino parents working abroad on their child’s educational attainment. In order to accomplish this, we look into the principal factors that affect a child’s education according to established literature; this includes sex, income, parent’s education, and public spending on education. Then we look at the nature of overseas workers, specifically overseas contract workers in the Philippines. We hypothesize that OFWs will positively influence their children’s educational attainment. Data from the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) and the Labor Force Survey (LFS) is then used to serve as the data points for this study. We then run a logit regression on the difference of the child’s educational attainment with the household head’s educational attainment against the principal factors, working abroad variable, and interaction variables. From this, we find that past literature on the effects of sex, income, public spending, and parent’s education are true. Furthermore, we also find that the presence of a parent working abroad increases the likelihood that the child will have the same or higher educational attainment than the household head. After which, recommendations for future research on this field are annotated.
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    An analysis of the impact of remittances as a percentage of household income to families of overseas Filipino workers
    (2017-11-20) Buday, Nathania Faye T.; Ortega, Pamela Marie N. ; Daway-Ducanes, Sarah Lynne S.
    In the span of 10 years, the Philippines has seen a sharp increase in the number of Overseas Filipino Workers who have chosen to leave the country for opportunities abroad. In this light, the researchers trace back multiple social and economic factors in order to observe the effects of remittances both in cash or in kind to the income of families left behind by OFWs. Using data acquired from the Annual Poverty Index Survey from years 2004 to 2014, and employing the Heckman Model, the researchers find that characteristics of household head such as sex, age, and highest grade completed significantly impact the amount of remittances (as percentage of income) received by Philippine households. Moreover, the macroeconomic variables Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and domestic credit also significantly affect remittance inflows: GDP has a positive effect, suggesting that remittances mostly enter the Philippine economy in search of investment opportunities, while domestic credit has a negative effect, implying that households may view remittances as an alternative source of funds due to a lack of domestic financial development.
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    Determinants of stock market development: are remittances from OFWs a factor?
    (2013-10) Advincula, Rammarius Markus B.; Guerrero, Jo Beatriz L.; Debuque-Gonzales, Margarita
    This paper seeks to determine whether or not overseas Filipino workers' remittances drive the stock market development. Using quarterly data from 1998-2012, we regressed stock market capitalization, a proxy of stock market development, on remittances and six macroeconomic variables. Cointegration regression showed that remittances indeed have a significantly positive relationship with stock market development. In line with the literature, income level, savings, private foreign direct investment and market liquidity are also positively related to the development of the stock market. Bank development however exhibits negative relationship. Inflation, meanwhile, is not significant.
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    An analysis of push and pull factors affecting Philippine OFW deployment using the gravity model of international trade
    (2013-10) Reyes, Jessica Louise DJ.; Romo, Vivien Mae M.; Reside, Renato Jr. E.; Quimbo, Stella A.; Ducanes, Geoffrey M.
    This paper aims to determine whether country-specific macroeconomic factors have significant effects on the level of Overseas Filipino Worker deployment across time. Labor flight from the Philippines over the years has proved to have some considerable positive and negative effects on the domestic economy as well as on the society as a whole, making it a relevant topic to work on. The top twelve destination countries in the course of eight years from 2004 up to 2011 were considered for this study. Using the Gravity Model of International Trade, macroeconomic variables from both the home country and the destination countries such as unemployment, destination country's distance from the Philippines, exchange rates, GDP per capita differences, population age, visa caps as well as a proxy variable to account for the global financial crisis of 2008-2009 were taken into account through a log-linear regression analysis The regression results show that foreign unemployment rates, GDP per capita differences, distance, peso exchange rates, the foreign population age and the presence of visa caps were significant factors for the considerable volume of labor flight in the country per year. The results show that lower unemployment in the foreign countries and an older population would mean more available jobs. This makes them more attractive countries, thus pulling in more migrant workers. GDP differences also proved to be highly significant, with the results showing that the higher the GDP differences between the Philippines and a destination country, the higher the incidence of migration to that destination. It just shows that overseas workers are in search of better income schemes, The following are thus possible areas for policy makers to work on; to improve undesirable situations here in the Philippines to better take care of its labor force.
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    Impact of overseas Filipino workers' remittances on crimes against property: the case of the Philippines
    (2013-10) Villanueva, Liel; Hernandez, Ceejay
    This study aims to work on the effects of OFW remittances on crimes against property in the Philippines. Other socioeconomic variables such as unemployment rate and gross regional domestic product and crime deterrence factors were included as suggested by related literature. Data on crime was divided into two due to the change in the recording system of the Philippine National Police at 2009. Results showed that OFW remittances and number of OFWs are significant only during 2009-20012 but not in 2001-2008. Thus, as remittances increases, it is becoming more important in the assessment of factors affecting crime. However, the study can be furthered if more time periods can be included wherein the new recording system of PNP was implemented.
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    Kuwarta Padala: the impact of the global financial crisis in remittances
    (2011-10) Vinculado, Christian Patrick E.; Diokno, Benjamin E.
    Remittances sent by Filipino workers are important source of income for the country, which amounts for a greater part of GDP of the Exchange Exchange rate proves to be a vital factor in determining remittances, which has Meanwhile, nature. Meanwhile, migration destinations are important factors in determining remittance growth for a country in relation to economic crises. The study found out that existing migrant stock plays a key role in determining remittances. The study will Part divided into different sections: Part I is the introduction to the topic, Part II contains the research problem and Part objectives of the study, while Part III Part a discussion of related literature and Part IV specifies the empirical model used for the study.
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    Assessing the impact of international remittances on overseas filipino worker families' expenditure between commodity groups: a panel approach
    (2020-12) Lamasan, Anton Dominic P.; Guiam, Emmanuel Viktor R.; Alburo, Florian A.
    Between 2006 and 2009, overseas remittances accounted for 10.41-12.14% of GDP. Given the dependence of many Filipino families on the receipt of such remittances, it is important to look at how this phenomenon affects household spending patterns. Do remittances induce recipient families to spend more on investments like healthcare, education, and housing or should we expect such households to simply increase conspicuous consumption on recreation, tobacco, and alcoholic beverages? This paper examines this question using a panel dataset constructed from the 2006 and 2009 rounds of the merged Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) and Labor Force Survey (LFS). Using a modified Working-Leser model, our findings suggest that remittance receipt lowers the household per capita expenditure share of tobacco, alcoholic beverages, and food consumed outside the home while raising the shares of consumer goods, recreation, medical care, and others. This implies that while there is a shift away from some commodity groups considered as non-essential, there is no significant change in household investment attributable to remittances aside from that of medical care.
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    A study of the welfare of overseas Filipino worker supported households in Jones, Isabela
    (2002-10) Duran, Marie Christine A.; Panganiban, Rona Katrina C.
    The years since 1980 have brought a steady sequence of human capital outflow from the Philippines. Consequently, the Philippines has found its own niche and seized an important share of the world market for human capital exports. The idea of writing this paper came out of our own experience as part of a family with an OFW as bread winner and as an individual and a part of greater a community with a growing number of OFWs. Thus, we perceived two main questions in our my minds. The first was the correlation of an OFW breadwinner with its household welfare and second, was the need to understand the factors that affects the probability of being poor through the different demographics/characteristics of the OFW. We found that published books and papers did not adequately meet this challenges. Most deal with the macroeconomic impact of remittances, savings, and dollar reserves on the country. As a result, the microeconomic level - the households in particular, are left unnoticed. This paper is our attempt to provide an up-to-date analysis of the impact (both economically and socially) of an OFW supported households in a specific town. In analyzing this subject, our approach is to use two types of regression analysis that use first hand information to explain these challenges. The paper also attempts to give recommendations to further uplift the economic welfare of the OFWs and its left behind households.
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    A cost-benefit analysis of overseas employment: a case study of households from 3 OFW organizations in Quezon City
    (2005-10) Capili, Joey John; Castillo, Noel B.; Tecson, Gwendolyn
    This paper is a case study of the merits of Filipino overseas employment experienced by thirty households coming from three overseas Filipino worker (OFW) organizations around Quezon City. Individual household interviews were conducted to identify the benefits and costs associated with the foreign employment activity of at least one of their household members. Project evaluation methods were used to quantify the results and to determine the profitability of the activity. Per year comparison of the total costs and total benefits of all the households taken together yielded generally positive results, with 26 years out of the total 28 year duration when at least one of the sample households sent a member abroad for employment registering larger benefits received than costs incurred. However, per household cost- benefit analysis using the net present value (NPV) criterion yielded strikingly different results, with 14 out of the 30 households examined garnering negative NPVs or the reject decision rule. This means that although aggregate results were positive, nearly half of the households examined did not profit from their investment and would have likely been better off if they did not engage in the activity. This highlights the relatively high financial risk associated with pursuing overseas employment, which is contrary to the popular notion of it being a surefire way to wealth and economic security. Social costs, the set of unquantifiable psychological, emotional, and relationship problems and conflicts encountered as a result of the separation of household members due to the overseas employment, were also factored. Although widely judged as unquantifiable, valuations given by a clinical psychologist of how much the household would likely spend in therapy and consultations to cope with those problems were used as a rough estimation in considering its impact on the household's welfare. This further decreased the resulting NPV s of the households that incurred such costs although the relative impact of their quantification was not considerable.
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    The effects of health personnel migration on health care quality and personal wages
    (2006-04-05) Capones, JOanna Eileen M.; Molina, Ana Kristel C.; Quimbo, Stella
    This paper aims to characterize the patterns of migration of health personnel, by examining the number of migrants over time as well as the skill level of migrating doctors and nurses. it also attempts to determine how the migration of health personnel, a significant trend at present, impacts on the quality of health care and personnel wages. On a micro level, case studies on four hospitals are conducted and used to evaluate the current quality of health care. Data are collected from hospital administrators as well as patients. On a macro level, two sets of regression models are estimated to evaluate empirically the effect of migration on quality and wages. Micro data reveal that there is indeed a deterioration of quality of health care as manifested by the length of time patients have to wait for assistance and their length of stay in the hospital. The prolonged length of stay indicates that prices of health care are too high for the patients since they cannot he discharged without paying all hospital fees thus extending their confinement, and I or health personnel can not immediately treat their patients due to their lack of ability or lack of equipment. Waiting time indicates a shortage of supply due to migration or deterioration in the quality of health personnel that only a few end up being hired. For the macro level analysis, two regression equations are estimated. The first is a model of health outcomes, using three alternative dependent variables, namely mortality, infant mortality at1d life expectancy. Explanatory variables employed in the health outcome- regression model include the number of health personnel, health stations and hospitals. The second is a model of wages in the health care sectors, where explanatory variables include health personnel, number of graduates and the number or enrollees. In both models, the number of migrants serves as an explanatory variable. Regression results show that health personnel migration has indeed significant effects on health care quality and personnel wages. Increase in migration leads to increases in both mortality and infant mortality and a decrease in life expectancy. Worsening of the mentioned health outcomes, manifestations of health care quality, indicates that quality is in fact deteriorating due to migration. The researchers also found that health personnel leaving the country, at least in the hospitals included in this study, are those with adequate skills and are experts in their field. Wages, both nominal and real, increase together with the increase in the number of migrants. It is recommended that policies regarding opening and closing of medical colleges and universities be strictly applied. Wage and incentive policies should also be thoroughly reviewed immediately. For further studies, it is recommended that other measures of quality be obtained and that other areas of the health care field be empirically evaluated, in line with migration of health manpower, such as the price of health care.