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Item Restricted Impact of inflation in the consumption of poor households in the Philippines(2018) Fernandez, Allison Bluette Diwa ; Salgado, Dana Mae Dadal ; Reside, Renato Jr. E.Within the past years, there has been concerning increases in inflation rate in the Philippines. These increases pose impacts on different macroeconomic sectors such as agricultural, financial, economic etc. Thus, the research focuses on the impacts of the changes in inflation rate to the populace, which are the basic unit of a nation. Poverty, as one of the major problems the Philippines is facing throughout the years, has been the focus of the government by making several projects such as the conditional cash transfer, also known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and KALAHI Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services Project to empower poor communities and provide monetary assistance. With these, the study aims to discuss the effect of inflation in the lower income households by measuring the changes in consumer spending and observing the trends of consumption of poor households during high and low inflation rate through various statistical methods.Item Restricted Does helping hurt? An evaluation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and its effect on labor participation(2018-05-04) Ong, John Anthony D. ; Racela, Jeremiah Louis M. ; Daway-Ducanes, Sarah Lynne S.This paper evaluates the impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Pantawid) on labor force participation. Conditional cash transfers like Pantawid are asserted to induce laziness or dependency due to the increase in unearned income. The analysis is undertaken through a logistic regression using a pseudo-panel dataset derived from the Annual Poverty Indicators and Labor Force Surveys. Estimates from the labor participation model, measured in terms of being employed or not and average weekly work hours, show that CCTs per se does not foster dependency on social assistance, consistent with the previous studies done on CCTs in other countries. The results even show a significant positive effect on labor participation. However, there is a negative effect on the likelihood of working among urban beneficiaries but given the small marginal effect, the researchers believe that this may not necessarily be due to laziness but more likely to the existence of stronger competition for job opportunities in urban areas.Item Restricted Evaluating the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) as a safety net against student dropout and child labor in the occurrence of shocks(2016-12-20) Abong, Jeryl ; Corridor, Julie-Ann Kris R.This paper aims to evaluate the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) – the country’s flagship anti-poverty measure and one of the more important components of our social protection portfolio – and its efficacy as an effetive safety net that can protect households from doing unproductive coping mechanisms, with emphasis on child labor and student dropout, against the adverse effects of transitory shocks. Utilizing a unique, nationally-representative social protection survey data, we used propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) as a measure of the program’s impact. We found significantly higher chances of child labor, and insignificant yet varying possible circumstances of student dropout among 4Ps beneficiary households in order to mitigate the negative consequences of shocks, despite the conditions on educational outcomes set by the program. Overall, based on our empirical estimates, we conclude that the 4Ps is not an effective coping mechanism against the the adverse effects of shocks on child welfare.Item Restricted Effects of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on PhilHealth awareness, preventive healthcare, and proper treatment-seeking behavior among Filipino households(2017-12-21) Lagman, Julia Gabrielle D. ; Lim, Patrick Gabriel C. ; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.This research aims to examine the effects of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on PhilHealth awareness, preventive healthcare, and treatment-seeking behavior among the program's beneficiaries. The 4Ps is a program under the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), designed to help alleviate poverty in the country through cash assistance granted to households that meet program eligibility and fulfill certain conditions. An impact evaluation strategy called Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used in this research to compare treatment outcomes between beneficiary households and non-beneficiary households. Results show that Pantawid Pamilya households are more likely to visit health facilities for consultation or treatment, and are able to fulfill program conditions that target healthcare. PhilHealth membership is more pronounced among program beneficiaries, and its benefits were availed when paying for medical expenses. The study finds that Pantawid Pamilya has a significant positive impact on health outcomes of beneficiary households. It is also a valuable tool in providing access to health care services to the poorest in the country. Policymakers must make further improvements in the program that ensure the best health outcomes for its beneficiaries, such as increasing the scope of services provided by program conditionalities and PhilHealth.Item Restricted Effectivity of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on maternal health care of the beneficiaries(2018-05) Tulauan, Nerie Angelie T. ; Ybañez, Patricia Mae L. ; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.Maternal health is the health status of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal period. According to the World Health Organization, hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion, and obstructed labor are the major direct causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Partly to address this problem in the Philippines, the government has created the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to expand utilization of maternal health care services for its beneficiaries, particularly the poor households. This study uses the 2013 round of National Demographic and Health Survey and employ Propensity Score Matching (PSM) in order to assess outcome differences between Pantawid household beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The results show that the covariates are consistent with the program’s targeting mechanism in which among the 32 covariates, 11 are statistically significant (at the 1 percent level). The results also show that being a Pantawid beneficiary significantly improves the maternal and neonatal health of the recipients through continuous utilization of proper maternal health care services required by the program but facility-based delivery and delivery assistance by skilled health birth attendants were not significantly improved by the program.