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Item Restricted Stormy politics: an analysis about natural disaster aid & its effect on the incidence of corruption in the Philippines(2011-03) Ignacio, Maria Paulna Q.; Zayco, Patricia C.; Desierto, Desiree A.Could the Philippines' vulnerability to natural disasters be a reason for the extensive corruption in the The The frequent occurrence of natural disasters in the country generates provision of calamity aid from local and international institutions - serving as another source for corruption acts.Item Restricted Clicking bribes away: the role of e-government in the fight against corruption(2006-03) Epetia, Ma. Christina F.; Yabut, Jonathan Allen S.; Alburo, FlorianAmong the most vicious and rampant problems of public governance worldwide, corruption seems to top the list both on accounts of history and magnitude of effects on the economy. With the abundance of literature covering the causes and consequences of corruption, this paper concentrates on what can be done to fight it by stressing the revolutionary role of e-government in the age of information technology. The authors empirically conclude that higher levels of e-government lead to lower levels of corruption, surveying across 50 countries across four years. The purpose of utilizing e- government to combat corruption is twofold: to increase the quantity and quality information circulating in the economy that fosters government transparency and political accountability, and to lessen opportunities for bribe charging by making transactions between the government and the citizen impersonal through the use of the Internet.Item Restricted Women presidents: evidence of gender-bias in policy, social reactions and economic implications(2006-03) Natividad, Roana Michelle P.B; Bautista, Maria SocorroThis paper employs statistical methods and regression techniques in order to arrive at several conclusions regarding female heads of state: the factors for having them, their effects on the country and the relationships that can be formed between them and other economic variables. This is done through the use of cross-country panel data (segregated for developed and least-developed/developing countries) from 1960 to 1990, and on Philippine time-series data from 1980 to 2001. Several conclusive results are found. First, a significant factor leading to the increased probability of placing of women as heads of state is a low initial level of per capita GDP. Second, there is a significant shift in public policy when there is a female head of state, resulting in the improvement of a country's human and gender development, most especially for developed countries. Third, the existence of a female head of state consistently has, for all countries, a positive relationship with military revolutions and coups and a negative relationship with economic growth, political instability and real exchange rate distortions. For the regressions on Philippine data, it is found that a female president's administration spends higher on health, defense and debt service, with crime rates shooting up during her term and tourist arrivals dropping.Item Restricted Do high relative perceptions of corruption lead to lower levels and rates of investment?(2007-10) Dalugdug, Aileen Kaye B.; Lu, Toni Joy L.; Carlos, FidelinaThis paper is an attempt to measure the effect of corruption on domestic investment relative to other investment determinants and to test the robustness of that effect. It builds upon the cross-country empirical study by Mauro (1995) on corruption and economic growth and updates it by focusing on the effect of corruption perceptions on investment decisions alone, and by examining any change on the corruption-perceptions effect among different country-income and regional groups. This paper finds that, controlling for government policy, initial output conditions and labor-force quality in 47 countries, low corruption perceptions retain a significant impact on investment levels as a proportion of gross domestic product for all countries. The impact is magnified in low-income countries.Item Restricted Electoral cycles in Philippine fiscal and monetary policy(2007-10) Evangelista, Daryl Patrick; Libre, Philip Amadeus; Carlos, Fedelina NatividadFilipino politicians are frequently characterized as being driven by office-seeking motives. Despite this, surprisingly little systematic evidence is available to support the electoral-cycle hypothesis in the Philippines. This paper tests the real-world relevance of the long-standing belief in election economics by using intervention analysis or interrupted time series analysis, a version of the classical multiple regression model, to determine the impact of elections on economic policies and economic outcomes. Time series regressions confirm the presence of political business cycles in measures of fiscal policy such as total government expenditures and public construction spending. However, monetary authorities show no inclination to engage in pre-electoral expansion on their own. They respond to higher money demand near election periods by adjusting the domestic and foreign components of the monetary base to stabilize the growth of monetary aggregates. The net effect of fiscal policy manipulations on measures of aggregate economic activity is found to be negligible.Item Restricted Democrat and poverty reduction(2008-03) Fabella, Vigile Marie B.; Oyales, Czarina Eva I.; Reside, RenatoIn the past decade, history has witnessed the rapid economic growth of countries whose political systems deviate from conventional democratic philosophy. Countries such as Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea, among others, have become bigwig economies rivalling major players like the United States and the UK. On the other hand, democratic, low-income countries have experienced relatively sluggish growth. In this paper, we explore the influence of democracy and political freedom on economic growth, utilizing poverty reduction as its indicator. We will focus on identifying the requisites of a functioning democracy that will enable it to effectively reduce poverty within the context of developing nations. Utilizing the 2-Staged Least Squares method of estimation, our findings suggest that democracy in general, has a negative influence on poverty reduction for developing countries. However, when complemented with trade openness, primary education, regulatory quality, government effectiveness, and voice and accountability, the outcome becomes positive.Item Restricted The determinants of political participation: a study on the effect of education and the presense of KALAHI-CIDSS on citizen involvement in community development(2008-01) Hilao, Sherri G.; Yancha, Marianne Beau Goldy C.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.The study focuses on determining the effect of education on political participation in the form of participation in eomtm1lJjty development. At the same 1:ime, it evaluates governnent intervention in enhancing citizen participation specifically through the KALAHI-CIDSS program. It uses the sample taken from the KALAHI-CIDSS data which consists of constituents from among the most impoverished communities all over the Philippines. It covers the communities identified and surveyed by the said program. The probit regression was used and other variables for the model were taken from past studies. While focusing on education and KALAHI-CIDSS, the model also includes socio-economic variables such as asset&, employment status, and other variables such as gender and age which were already proven to have an impact on participation. Estimation showed that indeed, both education and KALAHI-CIDSS independently have significant and positive effects on community development participation.Item Restricted Beauty and electoral success(2009-10) Galvez, Anna Isabella C.; Lumbera, Beverly T.; Desierto, Desiree AlferezThis paper studies how beauty affects the electoral success of a candidate in the University Student Council (USC) elections in the University of the Philippines, Diliman. Beauty confers many advantages to a person as observed in the labor market and in the political arena. We test the hypothesis that a better-looking candidate has higher chances of being elected into office in the local University Elections. We use the following variables: ratings of beauty, competence, trustworthiness, gender, number of organizations, and incumbency to estimate two models: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Logistic regressions. This paper is the first of its kind to establish such relationship between beauty and electoral success in the university and in the country. Using cross pooled data of the candidates from 2007 to 2009, our results show negative effects of beauty using OLS and positive marginal effects of all the variables using Logit regression. There is no definite effect of beauty on electoral success in the sample we examined.Item Restricted Who votes in the Philippines? determinants of voter participation(2010-10) Bantigue. Agnes May B.; Fabic, Marie Olivia F.; Alonzo, RupertoVoting is one form of letting people exercise their rights as citizens of a country. Although studies have been made attempting to pinpoint the determinants of turnout or voting decision in general, not one focuses on the factors in the Philippines. This study provides an analysis for the determinants of propensity to vote of an individual in the country, where voter turnout had been consistently low compared to other democratic countries. Applying Riker and Odershook's [1995] Theory of Calculus of Voting and several other literature, the researchers identify four factor groups of explanatory variables, namely, individual's attributes, individual's self- assessment of current condition, political factors and group affiliation. Using the 2001 Second Quarter and the 2004 Third Quarter Social Weather Station (SWS) data, the variable whether voted or not in the elections is used as the dependent variable and is regressed using two models. The first model provides a comparison of the magnitudes and inconsistencies of the explanatory variables using the two datasets and the pooled dataset. The second model, an expanded model, includes several explanatory variables focusing on political factors. Using Binary Logit regression analysis, results show that locale, age, educational attainment and political affiliation, being the strongest, affect an individual's propensity to vote. However, results in several wealth factors are inconsistent but bear the same sign with other variables in similar classifications. This led the researchers to recommend policies on voter education and on elections itself. To account for the results of wealth factors, the researchers also recommend addressing issues on income inequality.Item Restricted Effect of elections on prices(1986-01) Alberto, Valentino F. P.; Suelto Dino Mae D.