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Item Restricted Measuring the intensity of poverty in Metro Manila(1987-06) Pascual, Clarence; Tan, EditaItem Restricted A comparison between the income approach and the capabilities approach to poverty: does the income approach capture health, too?(2005-10) Molato, Rhea M.; Medina, Janis J.This paper explored the link between two different approaches to poverty: the income approach an the capabilities approach. In doing this, the paper utilized cross-section data among the 78 provinces of the Philippines and compared the provincial indicators of these two approaches. This study found that they strongly, though not perfectly, agree on which provinces are considered poorer than the others. It was also found that like the capabilities approach, the income approach captures the health poor. Income, an indicator of monetary poverty, is significantly correlated with health. This was established by a Two-Stage Least Squares estimation of the simultaneous equations model relating income with health. This confirms the validity of income-based poverty statistics as proxy for identifying poverty in terms of other dimensions such as health. Since the income approach is easier and less costly to operationalize than the capabilities approach, cost savings are further justified by its health content. These savings could then translate into efficient targeting. Furthermore, since income deprivation is directly related to capability deprivation, curtailment of income poverty means a corresponding improvement against poverty in terms of other dimensions.Item Restricted Ticket to poverty: a study on the duration and probability of becoming poor(2010-03-24) Cabalfin, Ronna Dorin B.; Urabe, Haruka C.This paper explores the duration of poverty of NCR and ARMM as well as variables that contribute to the probability of entering poverty. By clearing the 2000, 2003 and 2006 FIES to build a panel data, matched households' incomes were subjected to the annual poverty threshold set by the NSCB. Non-income measures were used to explain the dynamics. Probit regression was employed to evaluate the effect of the variables to the probability of entering poverty. Using this approach, there was great disparity in the results per region. Poverty is more dynamic in ARMM than NCR. A higher occurrence of entering rather than exiting poverty for ARMM was observed. Thus, poverty-related policies should not have a 'one-size-fits-all' perspective. Policies for NCR may focus on poverty prevention while those directed to ARMM should focus on intense poverty reduction. The statistically significant variables in the regression were region and proportion of members employed, reinforcing the influence of the region on the status of a household. Households in NCR have lower probability of entering poverty. The higher the proportion of members employed to total family members, the lower the probability of that household to become poor. Possible policies directed to increasing employment opportunities or slowing down the population growth rate could lessen the overall probability of entering poverty.Item Restricted Defining poverty: an analysis of the basic needs consumption of poor households(2010-10) Catral, Katrina Elea C.; Kiocho, Mae Hyacinth C.The Basic-Needs approach is a reaction to the problems of poverty and income distribution brought by the "Growth Only" approach. The main objective is to determine the effects of a well-improved income distribution in aUevia1ing poverty, to study the consumption behavior of families and to review the appropriate technology used in the production of goods in order to increase productive employment of the poor. This paper aims to determine the unique characteristics of poor households which affect their consumption of basic needs, to describe the influence of these factors, and to compare the results between the urban and rural poor. The paper attempts to differentiate the urban and rural poor from each other, trying to distinguish the problems of each group seen in their expenditures in their basic needs. The poor's consumption of basic needs is affected by factors such as income, the characteristics of the household, and the household's educational attainment and sex. The results change when the model is done separately for the urban and rural poor. The significant factors affecting the consumption of basic needs are different for the rural and urban poor.