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    Impact of living arrangements on schooling outcomes: a case study on Metropolitan Cebu using fixws effects estimation
    (2014-04-08) De Vera, Janine P.; Medida, Angeli Gabrielle F.; Lim, Joseph
    For centuries, households have been dominated by traditional two-parent families and their biological children. Although this form of family structure still stands as the majority in most countries, their dominance has weakened as of late. Over the years, the number of marriages based on civil registration in the Philippines has inconsistently dropped and recovered. This trend is parallel to the marital statistics reported in the city of Cebu from 2000 to 2010. The data set used in this study is from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, with a final total of 1,822 individuals observed over four periods of time. Using liner fixed effects and conditional logit regressions, the researchers found that children from non-traditional households show worse schooling outcomes. In particular, children residing with custodians in the absence of both biological parents end up with the lowest levels of schooling at age 18 and are also the least likely to be on time in their expected grade for age. Children in single parent households fare slightly better than those in caretaker households, but still worse than children in biologically-intact families. Results for children in blended households were inconclusive.
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    The study of job opportunities of elementary school graduates
    (1982-03) Millena, Baltazara Ma.; Moreno, Honorata
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    From ARMM to BARMM: an impact evaluation of enhanced regional autonomy on schoolattendance rates in the Philippines
    (2026-01-06) Gravino, Florenz T.; Sambolawan, Juriel Khalil J.; Solon, Orville Jose C.
    This study attempts to analyze the difference in the likelihood of a child from the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) to be attending school from before and after the region was given greater autonomy and compare those likelihoods relative to the rest of the Philippines. To achieve this, the researchers will construct logit models and use the difference-in-differences technique to analyze this following the methods of Ai and Norton (2003) as well as Puhani (2012) to interpret the results of the models. The model will be estimated using data from the Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) from the years 2016 which was from before the establishment of BARMM and from APIS 2022 which was from after the establishment of BARMM. The study found that using Ai & Norton’s method generally yielded positive interaction effects signifying that the likelihood of a child from BARMM attending school has increased at a faster rate than the rest of the Philippines, however this is only by a small amount indicating that that school attendance has improved faster than the rest of the Philippines but the increase is negligible. On the other hand, Puhani’s method yielded negative treatment effects across the board indicating that the region could have fared better without the establishment of BARMM. This implies that the Bangsamoro Government should increase efforts in increasing the school attendance of the region.