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    Explaining 4P's success on children's school attendance: do social attitudes matter?
    (2018-05-04) Apostol, Josemilio Manuel Z. ; Vegamora, Jonathan Michael P. ; Escresa, Laarni C.
    Conditional cash transfer programs have been planned and implemented around the world as a way to alleviate poverty both in the short and long term. This study aims to examine whether social factors such as gender norms and perceptions toward domestic violence also have an influence on the education outcomes among conditional cash transfer beneficiaries. Our results confirm the findings of previous studies that receiving conditional cash transfers has a significant and positive effect on school attendance. Emigration from the household has no statistically significant impact on school attendance but work hours with pay does. Gender norms and the wife’s views towards domestic violence are found to be statistically significant, along with other variables: gender, hunger without food to eat, and repeating a grade or year level in school are a few. Lastly, community and spatial variables also have a statistically significant impact.
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    Ex ante impact evaluation of the pantawid pamilyang Pilipino program on school attendance: a regional decompsition
    (2010-10) Orbien, Lyra Benedicte T.; Yra, Jessica Joy G.; Capuno, Joseph
    This paper presents an ex ante evaluation of the implementation of the first ever conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in the Philippines which is named as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). The effect of the cash transfer provided by the 4Ps on the school attendance of children is examined in the study. The targeting criteria of the program and different transfer amounts are utilized in the simulation approach to assess the overall effectiveness of the 4Ps to elicit response from poor households, on the national and regional level and across income classes. The simulation is carried out based on the utility maximization model of the household. Results suggest that the 4Ps has varying effects in terms of increasing the probability of school attendance across regions and its impact is more pronounced in low-income households. Relevant policy decisions can be made from these results.