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Item Restricted Smoking behaviour and undergraduate academic performance(2013-01) Borromeo, Carlo; Estopace, Kevin; Pernia, Ernesto M.Smoking is an addictive habit which negatively affects one's health and society as a whole. Widespread use in recent years has raised public health concerns, especially in the Philippines. To control smoking, the government has introduced various measures such as the Clean Air Act of 1999, the Tobacco Regulation Act, and most recently, the Sin Tax law. A better grasp of the determinants of smoking behavior and its effects are crucial in crafting policies to curb smoking. Our study focuses on college students because cigarette smoking usually begins during the late teen-hood, which is from 17 to 19 years of age. We aim to look into the effects of cigarette smoking on UP students, specifically on their capacity for academic excellence, while at the same time analyzing what exactly drives them to smoke in the first place.Item Restricted An economic analysis of fraternity membership on substance use(2012-04-02) Quirante, Cherie Anne R.; Trespeses, Marian Alysa M.; Capuno, Joseph J.While there are existing studies outside the Philippines on the influence of peers in adolescent substance use1 , none so far has determined the direction and extent to which membership in a particular peer group- that is, fraternity, sorority or gang2 - affects a Filipino youth's probability of engaging in smoking, drinking or drug use. This study will distinctly regard this peer group since anecdotal evidence of increased incidence of substance use at fraternity abounds. To estimate the magnitude of such peer effects, the researchers investigate the following problems: (1) Does an individual's fraternity membership increase the probability of substance use; or (2) Is it substance use that increases the probability of fraternity membership; or (3) Does a third factor exist which influence either of the two occurrences? Using biprobit analyses on 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality III Survey (YAPS) data, the findings reveal that peer effect outweighs the estimated results in (2) and (3). Specifically, peer effect is measured at 31.62% while the other two are only 7.78% and 3.25% respectively.Item Restricted The young Filipino adult's smoking decision: how do education, family and religion affect risk perceptions?(2011-04) Cases, Sheena Kristine M.; Estrada, Miguel Antonio G.; Carlos, Fidelina N.This paper attempts to understand the smoking decision of young Filipino adults. Using data from the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, the authors try to find out how personal, family, and religious practices affect the young Filipino adult's perceptions of the risks involved in smoking. The authors borrow from Viscusi's Risk-Perception Theory for the framework of this study. In the theory, risk perceptions determine the individual's decision whether to engage in smoking or not. Of the variables deemed significant in the formation of risk assessments, education appears to be significant in making an individual not likely to smoke. Much more, educational motivations do affect an individual's decision-making. Lastly, the family, particularly the family religious practices and their involvement in risk or problem behaviors (such as drinking and smoking), has a significant effect on young Filipino adult's smoking decisions.Item Restricted The economic cost of smoking(2005-03) Rivera, Johann Frantz D. IV; Tan, EditaSince the early 1950's knowledge about the ill-effects of cigarette smoking has been continuously expanding. It has been discovered that cigarette smoking could be linked to various illnesses. Currently, the upward trend of cigarette consumption in third world countries compared to the developed countries is alarming. Statistics show that deaths caused by smoking are on the rise all over the world. The paper discusses the economic costs in the Philippines entailed by cigarette smoking because of the deaths and sickness caused by diseases directly attributed to smoking. Costs are classified into productivity losses and health care costs. These costs are computed and it was uncovered that the benefits from the tobacco industry are dwarfed by its economic costs.Item Restricted The costs of passive smoking: focus on environmental tobacco smoke exposure in family households(2006-10-06) Delmendo, Lalaine; Garilva, Giselle; Tecson, GwendolynThe health consequences of cigarette smoking to the smokers have been the focus of many studies in the past decades. Despite the efforts of the government to decrease the total number of smokers in the country, data shows that the prevalence of smoking has considerably increased in the past years. Consequently, as shown by studies conducted abroad, the increase in the amount of secondhand smoke in the environment gives rise to diseases related to passive smoking. This paper shows that exposed nonsmokers face a higher probability of acquiring smoking-related diseases than unexposed nonsmokers. Furthermore, the paper presents the medical costs incurred by passive smokers.Item Restricted Who smokes? a look into the determinants of Filipino households' smoking decisions(2008-01) Abdulwahid, Benazir E.; Litonjua, Abram Rei; Solon, Orville Jose C.This paper looks into the determinants of the smoking behavior among Filipino households using cross sectional regression analysis of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey 2003. In the interest of public health, this study attempts to provide insights on what can make household members start smoking, and how much the smoker spends on tobacco products. The divide between smoker and non-smoker households is important to better understand the extent of spending of the smoking households. This paper looks into the variables that can help identify who are the smokers and the non-smokers. Since almost 68.5% of the total household respondents are consuming various tobacco products, the study attempts to show how the smoker households in terms of their decision to smoke, are different from the non-smoker households. Then, it investigates on the factors that trigger and motivate tobacco spending, as well as other factors that can alter consumption decision. The policy concern of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of preventing the smokers from picking the habit, as against the strategy of reducing total tobacco consumption. This study critically sees which one can give better and sustainable results. It incorporates the role of education in lowering tobacco consumption and smoking incidence, by advancing the effectiveness of education as a mechanism to prevent smoking. Other vectors of variables are considered to determine their influence on Filipino household heads' smoking decisions.Item Restricted The smoke-free dream: an impact evaluation of the university of the Philippine smoking ban policy(2008-04) Lopez, Ina Vincent M.; Valerio, Neo Y.; Quimbo, Stella Luz AlabastroThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of one such local initiative - a smoking ban that is specifically targeted to the youth. While the evidence suggests that pricing interventions are effective means to reduce consumption, this effectiveness may be limited in the case of young smokers, many of whom have access to free cigarettes. This paper thus examine the potential impact of a smoking ban implemented by the University of the Philippines (UP) in the Diliman campus beginning September 5, 2007 by investigating the factors affecting smoking participation and level of awareness by the smoking ban. The after-effects of the smoking ban are estimated by a pooled regression of pre-ban and post- ban variables. The smoking ban was ineffective in its enforcement of three vital facets - the smoking ban, the sales ban, and information dissemination about the smoking ban.Item Restricted Women's religious beliefs and its effect on smoking habits: the Philippine setting(2010-10) Pojas, Rafael Miguel M.; Ruiz, Joyce Maribel Kristin O.; Desierto, DesireeThe researchers used the Binary Probit Regression to assess the relationship between religion and cigarette smoking, and to determine which religion has the largest marginal effect when it comes to influencing the smoking habits of its women believers. The focus of this study is the decision of the women as they are perceived and proven to be more devout than men religious attendees. Using the data obtained from the Demographics and Health Survey of 2008, the researchers were able to establish that religious participation has indeed a negative effect on women's smoking. Moreover, it was found out that in the Philippines, Roman Catholic believers are the ones who apply the practices of their faith in health-related decision making particularly in cigarette smoking consumption as influenced by the teachings.Item Restricted An alternative approach in determining interdependence of cigarette and alcohol consumption(2007-01) Bautista, Michael Andrew; Granadillos, Jessie RuthItem Restricted You smoke? an economic analysis on the prevalence of smoking among Filipino youth(2010-11-03) Aguilar, Hendrick Christopher Bello; Bayhon, Camille Frances Winona HamoyThe tobacco epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon with significantly destructive effects on developing, transitional, and industrialized nations. It generates cost not only on individuals but on a country's economy as it affects health shoddily and results to inefficiency and losses. It is alarming that in the present day, smoking prevalence among youth is high. This reflects on older age groups as well, as studies suggest that smoking prevalence among adults starts during their adolescence stage. Thus, the paper focuses on smoking prevalence among Filipino youth and the possible factors that can affect this. The proponents use a logistic estimation in the analysis of the factors that may determine smoking prevalence among Filipino youth. Much of the results are consistent to the expected outcomes, and such determinants like peer and family influence cause drastic effects.