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Subject: Socioeconomic factor ×

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    Democrat and poverty reduction
    (2008-03) Fabella, Vigile Marie B.; Oyales, Czarina Eva I.; Reside, Renato
    In the past decade, history has witnessed the rapid economic growth of countries whose political systems deviate from conventional democratic philosophy. Countries such as Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea, among others, have become bigwig economies rivalling major players like the United States and the UK. On the other hand, democratic, low-income countries have experienced relatively sluggish growth. In this paper, we explore the influence of democracy and political freedom on economic growth, utilizing poverty reduction as its indicator. We will focus on identifying the requisites of a functioning democracy that will enable it to effectively reduce poverty within the context of developing nations. Utilizing the 2-Staged Least Squares method of estimation, our findings suggest that democracy in general, has a negative influence on poverty reduction for developing countries. However, when complemented with trade openness, primary education, regulatory quality, government effectiveness, and voice and accountability, the outcome becomes positive.
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    Gender gap: a study on the impacts of demographic and socioeconomic factors on the basic education participation of males and females in the Philippines
    (2010-12) Agarma, Jovy Mariz Villamor; Echiverri, Kathryn Rachelle De lara
    The Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (2004) was used to identify possible factors affecting the gender gap in school participation rates of children aged 13-18 in the Philippines. Unlike in most developed and developing countries, the Philippines marks greater progress and achievements in girls compared to boys, as reflected in the increasing involvement of women in higher job positions, country governance, and other leadership positions. This is highly affected by the inequality in school involvement observed in both rural and urban areas. As a result, the country's economic performance tends to deteriorate since individual maximum potential is not reached. The maximum likelihood method was used to evaluate the impacts of demographic factors such as family size and relationship to the family head, among others, on a child's probability of being enrolled. Additionally, socioeconomic factors such as income, parents' educational background and work status, and overall health, were also included in the test to find out if these are relevant to the study. To account for the possibility of the gender gap itself, interaction variables between the individual variables and the variable "sex" were used and analyzed to determine the effect of gender, if any, on each variable used in the model.