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Item Restricted Determining the population with unmet need and the population who use traditional contraceptives(2017-12-18) Diaz, Claire Kismet A. ; Ravana, Angelico A. ; Mendoza, Maria Nimfa F.With increasing population in the Philippines, contraceptives have been seen as the solution to this problem. Even though technology in contraception exists, there are still many who do not utilize them. This paper shows who tend to not use contraception, use traditional methods of contraception or, use contraception that is considered to be not effective enough. Applying logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analysis on the National Demographic and Health Survey of 2013 dataset, significant variables that affect contraception use have been found. For model 1: Using or not Using Contraceptives, it was found that there were associations between a womanās decision in using contraceptives and her education level, wealth status, area of residence, work status, number of living children, age, access to media, and the sex of the household head. Women who were better educated, live in urban areas, have heard of family planning messages in television and radio, and have more children usually use contraception over those who are less educated, live in rural areas, have not heard of family planning messages and have fewer children. The second model (Modern method vs. Traditional method) results show that women who are, richer, live in rural areas, employed, has more children, and are younger, tend to use methods that are modern. With this government can use this information to target specific areas where contraception use is low and ineffective. Curriculums of schools may be changed in order to accommodate topics such as family planning and contraception use. The third model focused on identifying the determinants of contraceptive use that were grouped based on their efficacy with respect to the base outcome Permanent Method. The results show the group of population who tend to use Supply Method, Natural Family Planning Method and Traditional Method over Permanent Method.Item Restricted Women economic empowerment on educational expenditure among regions in the Philippines(2017) Guingon, Emira Margot R. ; Pandy, Jan Hillary R.Women empowerment has often been cited as crucial to human capital investments in education, which in turn tend to spur economic growth and development. This study thus aims to test the claim that greater women economic empowerment increases household education spending in the Philippine context. Using principal components analysis, we derive the Composite Index of Women Empowerment (CIWE) per region. Specifically, the CIWE consists of determinants of womenās involvement in the economic decision-making in each household ā as lifted from the National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 -- namely, womenās control over their own earnings, womenās control over their husbandsā earnings, decision making towards health care, decision making towards major household purchases, decision making towards purchases for daily household needs, and decision making towards visits to family or relatives. We then measure the effect of CIWE on household educational expenditure through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimations on households included in the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) 2012. Controlling for regional, urban/rural and other household-specific characteristics, our results suggest that greater women economic empowerment robustly positively affects household educational expenditure, confirming that women economic empowerment is vital in societal or government efforts to spur human capital investment on education.Item Restricted Women and repayment in Philippine microfinance: tthe gender and dependence effects(2019-12-20) Castro, Alenn Gabriel M. ; Romillo, Alfonso Ramon Eugenio C.; Debuque-Gonzales, MargaritaThis paper analyzes the relationships among client gender, institutional conditions, and microfinance institution (MFI) repayment performance using a firm-level dataset covering 123 MFIs in the Philippines during the period 1999-2018. The results indicate that a larger percentage of female borrowers is not associated with lower portfolio-at-risk and lower write-offs in Philippine MFIs. These findings confirm our hypothesis that having more female borrowers in the Philippines does not have a significant effect on microfinance repayment performance. This is in line with the literature on the dependence effect** which states that the gender effect* on repayment is only significant in situations where women are economically disadvantaged and are dependent on microfinance, which is not the case in the Philippines. We observe more significant correlations between MFI financials and repayment performanceāthis indicates that operational efficiency is a significant factor for MFI sustainability in the Philippines.Item Restricted Voting determinants of Philippine Congressmen on the responsible parenthood and reproductive health Act of 2012(2017-06) Banson, Patricia Ysabelle D.; Yao, Selena Kaye C.; Escresa, Laarni C.This research paper is centered around Republic Act No. 10354 or the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, and analyzes the voting behavior of the district representatives of the 15th Philippine Congress with respect to this law. The objective of the paper is to determine the factors that may have played a significant role in the way these legislators voted for the bill. In order to do this, the researchers selected thirteen independent variables, which they hypothesized to affect the voting behavior of congressmen with regards to the RH Law. The independent variables can be classified under the following: 1) personal background of the congressmen, 2) political background of the congressmen, and 3) characteristics of the congressmenās district or constituents thereof. These independent variables were then regressed against the binary dependent variable, which is the vote cast by congressmen. A probit regression was utilized for this research paper due to the binary nature of the dependent variable. Results of the study show that of the thirteen independent variables, only three were actually significant: fertility rates, re-election plans, and political alignment with the incumbent president. Due to limitations with acquisition, some data used in this research paper do not accurately reflect the situation of the districts included in the study and may have caused some inaccuracy with the results.Item Restricted What matters most: An analysis of the determinants of modern family planning methods(2002-03) Musico, Joan Colozo; Perez, Carlos Joaquin MartijaThe concept of population raises many sensitive points in terms of the sustainability of economic growth. This is because a rapidly growing population makes it difficult for countries to reduce incidence of poverty and to invest in human resources. Thus the practice of family planning can be seen not just as a means to limit fertility or space childbirths but also as a strategy to improve family welfare. Using data from the 1998 National Demographic and Health Survey, the study aims to identify the variables that are thought to influence the use of modem contraceptives as a means of family planning and determine their respective effects. It lists down three subgroups of independent variables: the woman's characteristics (her age, educational attainment, and occupation), the husband's characteristics (educational attainment and occupation), and their socio-environmental characteristics (the type of residence, religion, the . number of living children, and exposure to media). While the influence of age-old Filipino values and traditions still have effects on contraceptive use, the study shows that the changing times (the move towards modernity, the improvement of living standards, etc.) now has a greater influence on family planning decisions. Higher levels of education and greater exposure to media promote a greater awareness and greater approval of family planning. Hence, parents who have studied more and who are more aware of the goings on in the world are more likely to use modem methods of contraception.Item Restricted A family planning policy recommendation based on forecasted demand for modern contraceptives of currently married women in the Philippines(2006-10) Bautista, Michelle Anne G.; Enriquez, Denise Cheska C.; Quimbo, StellaFamily Planning (FP) programs were initiated in the Philippines in the year 1969 through Executive Order No. 171 with the aim of addressing the problem of the rapid growth of the Philippine population (DOH, 2002). Together with various foreign and local organizations, the Philippine government was able to provide contraceptives for free. It has now been 37 years since then and yet the country still faces the problem of overpopulation. Adding to this problem is the imminent withdrawal of foreign assistance for contraceptives. By the year 2008, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the biggest donor of free contraceptives to the Philippines, will withdraw its assistance to the Philippine government. Using data from the 2004 and 2005 Family Planning Survey (FPS), this study aims to forecast the budgetary requirements for government, if it were to achieve contraceptive self-reliance (CSR). These projections will be based on an analysis of demand for contraceptives among currently married women ages 15 to 49. This study examines the possibility of the government charging user fess for selected groups of women. This study discovers that government needs about 600 million pesos per year to achieve CSR. While this represents a 500 percent increase over current spending levels, the study also finds that government may be able to raise these amounts given an appropriate user fee scheme.Item Restricted Factors associated with induced abortion in Metro Manila(2007-10) Domingo, Frances Yani P.; Rivera, Rene Cris P.; Pernia, Ernesto M.This paper identifies the factors associated with induced abortion using data from a community household survey in Metro Manila. Realizing that abortion is an end result of a series of sequential and interrelated events, it employs a three-stage analysis taking into account the factors associated with pregnancy and unwantedness of pregnancy. In each stage, the dichotomous response variable is regressed against demographic, socio-economic, and contraceptive use characteristics of women. Results indicate that women's parity and age are significantly associated with the unwantedness of pregnancy. Moreover, income and use of modern contraceptives are significantly associated with the incidence of induced abortion. Unlike many studies, this study yields a negative correlation between modern contraceptive use and induced abortion.Item Restricted Can contraceptive use lead to lower crime rates in the Philppines?(2009-03) Carrasco, Margeline T.; Casubha, Roma Adnexa R.; Esguerra, EmmanuelThis study explores the possible link between the increase in use of contraceptives in the 1970s and decrease in crime rate in 1990s in the Philippines. It analyzes the different transmission channels by which an 'unwanted' child resulting from the lack of contraceptive use may have a higher tendency to engage in criminal activity in the future during what is known to be the high- crime peak age range. The links between unwanted pregnancy and future criminality can be found in the unfavorable conditions and circumstances in which an unwanted child is born into, decreased human capital investment, and poverty associated with a large family size. The ability to control pregnancy through contraceptive use helps mothers and family units in delaying child birth until circumstances are more favorable and it also gives them the ability to control their family size.Item Restricted Fertility differentials in the Philippine regions and their determinants(2002-10) Perral, Diana April P.; SesbreƱo, Shiela S.Item Restricted The allocative efficiency of the devolved department of health and its impact on family planning(2007-03) Cabradilla, Precious M.; Malaki, Nuha Mei R.Through Local Government Code of 1991, the Department of Health has undergone decentralization with the purpose of attaining efficiency in their delivery of services. With decentralization, allocative efficiency is a concern since the task in providing health services was assigned to the lowest level of authority. Allocative efficiency of public health types of services (e.g. family planning) must allocate limited resources and at the same time produce benefits that would accrue to the community (Strumpf, 2001). The objectives of this paper are to show the functional relationships between allocative efficiency and the public health types of goods, specifically family planning, and to evaluate the impact of decentralized public health expenditures on birthrates for policy implications. Data used for this study were collected from Statistical Yearbooks and demographic surveys in the Philippines. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the relationship of the variables. A dummy variable, which is a shift variable was added to represent two time periods: pre-devolution and post-devolution. It was concluded that the allocative efficiency of the decentralized DOH has a positive effect on family planning.