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Item Restricted An analysis of CO2 emissions and the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve in East and Southeast Asian countries(2022-01-28) Alviar, Mikela Therese V.; Santos, Maria Isabel Therese A.Item Restricted A cross-country study of green bond issuance on the environment and economy in ASEAN(2024-01) Banal, Denise A.; Bisnar, Judica O.; Balaoing-Pelkmans, Edylinda Annette O.Global awareness of environmental issues and climate change has been growing for years. There has also been pressure and a need to address these issues to mitigate their effects. With that, industries have been contributing to helping the environment through sustainable ways and policies. One example is how the finance industry helps combat these issues, such as countries that have started looking into green finance. Green bonds are a type of debt security that has the same structure as conventional bonds as the government or corporations issue them to fund environment- or climaterelated projects. This research addresses the significance and relationship of green bonds on both economic growth and the environment. It focuses on six ASEAN countries, particularly, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and Thailand. A panel analysis of 48 countries in Asia focusing on the six ASEAN countries from 2016 to 2022 reveals that Asia has better performance towards the environment because increases in green bond issuance reduce CO2 and GHG emissions and contribute to Climate Action (SDG 13). ASEAN green bonds are positively correlated with the GDP growth rate. With contribution towards economic growth, issued green bonds in ASEAN perform better than in Asia.Item Restricted Analyzing carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in low- and high-income countries: an empirical test of the environmental kuznets curve(2022-02-04) Del Rosario, Patricia Nicole P.; Garcia, Giselle Liaa L.; Mendoza, Adrian R.This study aims to test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for high-income and low-income countries. Using data on seven low- income and 33 high-income countries from 2000 to 2020, the researchers performed fixed-effects and random-effects regressions to test the presence of the hypothesized inverted U-shaped relationship between GDP per capita and CO2 emissions per capita, while controlling for the effects of energy variables and other country-level indicators. Although the EKC is both valid and significant for the whole panel, tests for the two income sub-groups showed that the relationship is stronger for high-income countries while inconclusive for the low-income category. In particular, the results showed that the EKC is valid and significant for the two income groups when no other control variables were included in the regressions. However, the results slightly changed for low-income countries when the controls were added to the model, suggesting that factors other than income are also significant in determining the level of CO2 emissions.