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Item Restricted Local political outcomes: impact of dynasties to the health and education sector(2018-05) Torrecampo, Christinne Jeremiah B. ; Ninon, Ericka A. ; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.With the trend towards decentralization of Local Government Units (LGUs) and the resulting control of local politics in shaping policies, budget allocations, and programs, we aim to investigate whether political dynasties could significantly impact aggregated health and education outcomes. We investigate the Health and Education sectors due to the varying degrees of decentralization in the two departments. We employ a two-term (2010 and 2013) provincial data from the Asian Institute of Management (AIM) dataset, enrolment statistics from the Department of Education, and Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS) database from the Department of Health as the primary variables used in the study. We find that there is no robust effect of dynasties on education. In contrast, we find that there is a robust and statistically significant positive relationship between the dynastic share and health-related infrastructures. Such results might be indicative of the varying degrees of decentralization between the two sectors of the government.Item Restricted Mental health matters: a cross-country analysis of mental health legislation experience and suicide rates(2019-05-17) Abrenica, Katrielle Pauline C. ; Cheng, Erin Shaleena C. ; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.With hundreds of thousands of lives lost due to suicide each year, governments have intervened via policies, programs and legislation geared towards suicide prevention and overall improved mental health. Using panel data obtained from 166 countries from the years 1990 to 2016, this study analyzes the effect of mental health legislation on suicide rates. It uses panel data methods to analyze the effects of a country’s years of experience with mental health law, as well as other control variables related to religion, substance use disorder prevalence, and economic conditions. The study shows that for countries that have passed mental health legislation, longer experience with a mental health law decreases suicide rates. However, the decrease in suicide rates diminishes from year to year. Moreover, the findings reveal that substance use disorder and unemployment have a positive relationship with suicide rates, while income per capita and religiosity have a negative relationship with suicide rates.Item Restricted Housing and health: the effect of improved flooring on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old(2016-06) Ariate, Maan Marie B. ; Jambalos, Raphael Justin A. ; Mendoza, Maria Nimfa F.Many studies have determined that inadequate housing has significant negative effects on health however; few have sought to determine the relationship between the building materials used for housing on the health of individuals. With the Philippines as a case study, we will assess the effect of the main materials used for flooring on the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years of age. We used two propensity score matching techniques on the 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey, namely the nearest neighbor matching and the stratification matching methods. The results suggest that having improved flooring (i.e. flooring that is made from any material other than earth or sand) decreases the incidence of diarrhea in children under the age of five. Having improved flooring decreases the incidence of disease among children under the age of five by 7.5%. Furthermore, the incidence of diarrhea among non-poor children living in both urban and rural areas decreased by 53.5% and 21.9%, respectively. Poor children living in urban areas have decreased incidence of diarrhea if living in households with improved flooring. The government should also focus on giving the non-poor opportunity to purchase housing improvements for flooring through loans or subsidy as they are the group with the most to gain in flooring improvements. The results support the intuition that there are possible cost savings in focusing on government projects that cut across different target areas such as housing and health, freeing up more resources that can be used for other government development projects.Item Restricted Gender bias in intra-household health expenditures(2017-06) Arceo, Louis Rodolfo C. ; Sandres, Robert Jr. M.Studies have consistently shown a gap between the economic valuation of men and women, through differentials in wage employment and education. In this paper, we attempt to explore whether there is evidence of gender bias in intrahousehold medical expenditures using individual-level data from the 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey. By adopting the extended hurdle model used by Irving and Jingdon (2008), we separate the process of availing healthcare into decision stages. We also consider the Tobit and Heckman selection models to address censorship and sample selection issues. Despite higher average spending levels among women, we find a pro-male bias in seeking treatment and medical expenditures, consistent with the predictions of the investment motive hypothesis. Results also show that age, insurance coverage, wealth and being the household head have positive effects on medical spending, while years of education and household size produce a negative influence.Item Restricted Income inequality and mental health in the Philippines: the impact of income inequality on mental health in the Philippines(2016-12-14) Canoy, Wenny Laine Ann L. ; Paraguya, Maria Trinidad O. ; Ravago, Majah-Leah V.Despite the increasing cases of mental disorders and disability and the economic, health, and social costs these inflict to society, little is studied about its economic determinants in the Philippines. We investigate the relation between income inequality and mental health in the Philippines. We used pseudo-panel data from approximately 32 thousand households from 83 provinces in 2006 and 2009. Data includes vital statistics records of deaths by mental disorders, self-inflicted harm and event of undetermined intent as mental health outcomes. Using the fixed effect regression, our results displayed significance of income inequality measures at the 95% confidence interval. Our analysis finds support for this relation, and suggest that further increase in income inequality will lead to a greater adverse effects to population mental health in the country.Item Restricted The impact of marriage on health status of Filipinos(2015) Cadano, Eusef Riel B.; Turingan, Yra B.; Pajaron, Marjorie C.This paper investigates the impact of marriage on the health status of Filipinos. Social Model· of Health developed by Dahlgren and Whitehead (200 1) demonstrates that there are many layers to an individual's health. One of these layers includes social relationships. Since individuals are perceived to produce more household commodities such as health, as guided by the theory of marriage by Becker (1974), this paper investigates whether being in a marriage is associated with higher health. Using the panel data given by the Annual Poverty Index Survey (APIS) for 2013, we used OLS, Probit, and Tobit regressions to determine this effect. We used health expenditure as our explanatory variable for the OLS and Tobit regressions, while we used the incidence of recent illness as explanatory variable for the Probit regressions. Our explanatory variable is simply whether or not someone is married, or unmarried. As shown by OLS and Tobit regressions, this study finds that married household heads spend more on health than their unmarried counterparts by 26 percent and 32 percent, respectively. Probit regressions also show that the likelihood of good health, as defined by the lack of recent illness is higher for married observations by 28 percent. Our control variables included age, income, presence of children, health expenditure, alcohol expenditure, tobacco expenditure, and regions. We also clustered the observations by type of work as well, to see the difference of the impact of health under different circumstances.Item Restricted A cross-country analysis on internet usage and its relationship with life expectancy(2024-01) Gutierrez, Jose Raphael S.; Matociños, Boris Andrei D.; Pajaron, Marjorie C.This study aims to add to the existing knowledge on the relationship between life expectancy and internet use. Existing literature has supported the idea that internet usage as well as positive changes in socioeconomic factors have an overall positive impact on life expectancy. This is brought about by increased accessibility to healthcare services, advancements in technology, and availability of health information online. However, they failed to account appropriate methods to ensure reliable results. To further investigate this relationship, we used a panel data analysis on 190 countries and tested these countries on a panel. Data used were sourced from the World Bank’s WDI from year 2000 to 2021. A level-level model and a log-log model were both discussed in this analysis using fixed effects. These analyses were conducted with the help of Multiple Imputation techniques in order to address gaps in the dataset. The results suggest that broadband continues to play a significant role in the increase in life expectancy of countries. It’s also interesting to note that increasing the number of mobile subscriptions can greatly impact life expectancy to a great degree, and in many instances greater than broadband subscriptions. This is especially true in lower-income countries, where an investment in mobile infrastructure can help greatly increase the number of mobile subscribers, therefore increasing life expectancy through the pathways mentioned in this paper. We recommend that future researchers look at more detailed datasets to enhance accuracy and reliability and to look at other variables that can supplement our findings. Our study informs iv policymakers and individuals of internet-related solutions that can alleviate health disparities among their nation and environment.Item Restricted Effect of household energy use on the health of household members(2018-12) Potenciano, Ma. Arianna L. ; Ronsayro, Howard Lorenzo Z. ; Ravago, Majah-Leah V.Poverty incidence in the Philippines has led to the use of unsafe and hazardous fuel types for their everyday household activities. As such, household members are exposed to various pollutants being produced by these dirty fuels, affecting particularly children, who spend the most time inside the house. We explore the relationship between the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) among children under 5 years of age and their exposure to these pollutants as a result of the use of dirty fuels. We employ a logistic regression using data from the National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS). Our results indicate that households who use dirty fuels are more at risk, with a 1.7% chance that their children acquire ARI. The correlation established in our research can aid in the formulation of policies that can incentivize households to make use of cleaner alternatives to reduce the rates of morbidity and mortality.