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    Foreign remittances, employment decision, and household expenditure behavior the case of Filipino overseas contract workers’ spouses
    (2024-01-15) Embile, Hannah F.; Estanislao, Aila Marie B.; Pernia, Ernesto M.
    The Philippines is a primary recipient of foreign remittances, which a significant number of households rely on. This study examines how foreign remittances sent by Overseas Contract Workers (OCWs) affect the employment and household expenditure patterns of spouses left behind in the Philippines, as well as whether gender of the remittance-receiving spouse plays a crucial role in these decisions. Using the 2018 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) and Labor Force Survey (LFS) merged data file, we employ logit and multinomial logit models to analyze employment decisions, as well as instrumental variable estimation to assess expenditure behavior across 12 consumption categories. Key results reveal that higher remittances lower employment in most employment categories for males and females. Remittance- receiving spouses, regardless of gender, spend more on education, housing, clothing, and furnishings, and less on food, tobacco, special occasions, transport, and durable goods. For health, alcohol, and special occasions, males and females had mixed results. Overseas remittances and the gender of the remittance-receiving spouses, thus, influence employment and household spending. Policy ideas promote human and physical capital investments for long-term wellbeing and economic growth of remittance-receiving households.
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    Economic Analysis of the effects of population trends on labor supply and employment in the Philippines:1970-1995
    (2000-03-21) Perez, Ma. Lourdez; Recio, Louchelle
    The paper aims to analyze how population trends affect labor supply and employment in the Philippines from the year 1970-1995. Population growth in the Philippines, although started to decrease in I97Cris still large in international standards. This is due to high fertility and low mortality rates. This contributes to the youthfulness of the population that can affect tile economy with its high dependency burden. Furthermore, as the young population reaches working ages, increases in the labor supply has been observed: The increase in the labor supply has put a pressure on employment. The economy was not able to create job opportunities to absorb the increasing ·tabor force. Thus, unemployment rates have been increasing. The large labor supply has ·also put a downward pressure on wages. This has been aggravated by the wrong government policies that have Disemployment effects and which' favor a capital:. Intensive mode of production. In addition, labor productivity has been analyzed. Being an agricultural economy~ most of the employed can be seen in the agriculture sector, thus, productivity in this sector is the lowest compared to the industry and service sectors. The industrial sector was not able to absorb the labor surplus coming from the agricultural sector. This gives rise to the service sector causing a declining trend in its productivity. 'For comparative purposes, Philippines was compared with Thailand.