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Item Restricted Macro to micro: determining the impacts of inflation on school attendance(2019-05-28) Jimenez, Rafaela Gabrielle P. ; See, Sarah Adrienne K. ; Capuno, Joseph J. ; Jandoc, Karl Robert L.This paper aims to determine whether or not inflation has a significance effect on school attendance of children from ages 3 to 17 years old. Moreover, we want to decipher the personal factors that affect school attendance of a child. We also want to prove that inflation has a negative impact on the school attendance. With this, the study aims to shed light on public policy and government programs that will improve school attendance and aid literacy and enrollment that are connected with human capital development in the Philippines. Using the Linear Probability Model, Logistic Regression Model, and Probit Model, we see that an increase in inflation results to a decrease in school attendance by 1.01 percent, 0.9 percent and 0.93 percent, respectively. Throughout the models, we observe that the impact of inflation on school attendance is consistently negative and statistically significant at 1 percent level. Even when other controlled variables such as the child characteristics, household head characteristics, and socio-demographic variables were taken into account, the impact of inflation rates still exhibits a negative relationship with school attendance, however, the effect diminishes. We surmise that the effects are captured by the other variables. The inflation rate variable is also interacted with other independent variables like national per capita income decile and the Ahon Pamilyang Pilipino Program (APP). Results reveal that the effect of inflation on school attendance depends on the national per capita income decile and the participation on the APP. When the household is part of the APP, the effect of inflation on school attendance is lesser relative to those who do not belong to the APP. On the other hand, the effect of inflation on school attendance is greater when households belong to the bottom 30% relative to those who belong to the upper 70%. Our findings also show that household characteristics and sociodemographic factors contribute to school attendance. Relative to household heads who have taken up primary education, the probability of a child attending school increases when the household head has taken up secondary level or higher level of education. Relative to a married household head, inflation decreases school attendance when the household head is widowed and divorced or separated with his or her partner.Item Restricted Effect of household access to electricity on children's school participation(2017-12-20) Enriquez , Ma. Koleen F. ; Estampador, Camille Therese D. ; Ravago, Majah-Leah V.In this paper, we use the pooled cross-section data of Annual Poverty Indicators Survey from 2002 to 2016 in assessing the effect of household electricity access on school attendance. We find that due to electricity at home, the likelihood of a child attending school increases by 5 percentage points. On the other hand, there is a 4 percentage point increase in the odds of the child going to school if there is electricity present while also considering ownership of appliances (e.g. television, radio, air conditioner, and computer). In supporting future policies on the importance of household electricity, this study provides substantial evidence that household access to electricity has positive correlation on the school attendance of children in the Philippines.Item Restricted The effects of child labor on school attendance in the Philippines(2015-01) Coronel, Andreana Grace A.; Espineda, Ma. Ida G.; Tan, Edita AAs of 2011, there are about 5.492 million children aged 5 to 17 years old who are working in the Philippines. This study determines the effects of various forms of child.., labor on the school attendance of the children. This study used the 2001 Survey on Children cross-sectional data and applied probit regression analysis. The nature of work is taken into account by looking at the place of work (whether inside or outside of the family), the industry under which it belongs (agriculture, services and others), its regularity, and time and hours of work. Child and household characteristics, and child's contribution to household income are also considered. Around 70% of the total number of working children from the data is still attending school. Working in either agriculture or services holds a positive effect on the probability that the child will be attending school, relative to working in other industries such as fishing, mining and construction. On the other hand, working outside the family, engaging in a regular work, working night time shifts, and longer work hours all impose a negative effect on school attendance. The age when the child started working also has a negative relationship with schooling. Furthermore, a larger household size reduces the probability of school attendance, whereas higher income and household head educational attainment helps increase the likelihood of school attendance. It is also worth noting that when a child contributes more of his earnings to the household income, his probability of attending school falls.