5 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Item Restricted An analysis of CO2 emissions and the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve in East and Southeast Asian countries(2022-01-28) Alviar, Mikela Therese V.; Santos, Maria Isabel Therese A.Item Restricted An analysis of the effect of socioeconomic factors on body weight: the Philippine case(2017-05) Jacinto, Carlos Bernard K. ; Regondola, Antonio Rafael F. ; Mendoza, Maria Nimfa F.Item Restricted Peronality, socioeconomic background, and punishment mechanisms as determinants of cooperation and free-ridding behavior(2017-12) Carlos, Franz Nicole L. ; Marasigan, Mariella Jasmin P. ; Capuno, Joseph J.Economic theory predicts that voluntary provision of public goods leads to sub- optimal results because free-riding is the dominant strategy, but government intervention can fix this problem. Although this is the case, previous studies have provided evidence that individuals contribute non-zero amounts; total free-riding is not always observed. This pro- social behavior of individuals are believed to be caused by innate altruism, conformity with social norms, or group-mediated enforcement mechanisms. Also, the effectiveness of punishment in promoting voluntary contribution are observed in some other studies from outside the Philippines. With the knowledge that social norms vary from region to region and observations being mostly foreign, we were inspired to focus more on the Philippine setting by conducting experiments that involved the students of the University of the Philippines School of Economics. This study tests a variation of a public goods game with punishment mechanism which was shown in previous studies to reduce free-riding. We test if punishment will continue to induce cooperative behavior under different conditions. In this game, public goods are only provided when total group contribution reaches a certain required amount and it is up to the players to decide on the amount they are willing to contribute considering that they have an incentive to free-ride on the contributions of other players. Besides the game, a common module was also used to gather data on the players’ socioeconomic background and personality traits. Test of means was used to check if there are differences in the contributions among players while regression analysis was done to dissect the effects of different factors in cooperation and free-riding behavior in the game. As expected, total free-riding was not observed and players contributed non-zero amounts in the provision of public goods. Based on the results, age consistently showed a positive effect on cooperative behavior while some factors related to academic background seem to encourage free-riding behavior. Regarding personality traits, it was observed that 3 neuroticism has a negative effect on cooperation while agreeableness has a positive effect, but only under certain conditions. Some of the players could be considered highly altruistic, but their behaviors seemed to depend on the level of threshold. Exclusion as a punishment is highly effective in reducing free-riding, but this observation did not hold when higher thresholds were introduced. As thresholds increase, reaching the target becomes dependent on all the players of the group which made it more difficult for the players to acquire returns due to free- riders.Item Restricted The decision to use contaception: the case of the Philippines(2011-03) Castro, Katherine Celine; Evardone, Philip III C.This paper seeks to expand the literature that explores the relationship of religion and contraception in the Philippines by taking into account socioeconomic factors and examining the effect thereof to this relationship. Method. This paper examines two hypotheses. First is the 'theology' hypothesis, which states that the sheer theological content of religion yields a significant effect on peoples' decision to use contraception- we examine this using a logistic regression model with the current use of contraceptives of non-pregnant women as the dependent variable and religion as the independent variable. The second is the 'characteristics' hypothesis, which attributes the religious differentials in current contraceptive use to the sample's socio- economic and demographic characteristics- we examine this using two models- (l)a logistic regression model with the current use of contraceptives of non-pregnant women as the dependent. variable and religion and socioeconomic variables as independent variables and (2) a similar model that includes the interaction of religion and key socioeconomic variables. Results. Being a member of religious groups that do not permit contraception, such as Roman Catholicism and Islam, has a significant effect on the use of contraception. However, when socio-economic variables are controlled, this relationship becomes less significant. The results of the third model show that the effect of religion on contraception is not contingent on socioeconomic factors. Conclusion. Religion barely affects the use of contraception. Socioeconomic factors impose a much significant effect on contraceptive use.Item Restricted A cross-country analysis on internet usage and its relationship with life expectancy(2024-01) Gutierrez, Jose Raphael S.; Matociños, Boris Andrei D.; Pajaron, Marjorie C.This study aims to add to the existing knowledge on the relationship between life expectancy and internet use. Existing literature has supported the idea that internet usage as well as positive changes in socioeconomic factors have an overall positive impact on life expectancy. This is brought about by increased accessibility to healthcare services, advancements in technology, and availability of health information online. However, they failed to account appropriate methods to ensure reliable results. To further investigate this relationship, we used a panel data analysis on 190 countries and tested these countries on a panel. Data used were sourced from the World Bank’s WDI from year 2000 to 2021. A level-level model and a log-log model were both discussed in this analysis using fixed effects. These analyses were conducted with the help of Multiple Imputation techniques in order to address gaps in the dataset. The results suggest that broadband continues to play a significant role in the increase in life expectancy of countries. It’s also interesting to note that increasing the number of mobile subscriptions can greatly impact life expectancy to a great degree, and in many instances greater than broadband subscriptions. This is especially true in lower-income countries, where an investment in mobile infrastructure can help greatly increase the number of mobile subscribers, therefore increasing life expectancy through the pathways mentioned in this paper. We recommend that future researchers look at more detailed datasets to enhance accuracy and reliability and to look at other variables that can supplement our findings. Our study informs iv policymakers and individuals of internet-related solutions that can alleviate health disparities among their nation and environment.