Toledo, Ian Blaise FalconLaya, Amelia Concepcion Sandoval2025-02-212025-02-211999-03https://selib.upd.edu.ph/etdir/handle/123456789/4918This thesis analyzes, suggests improvements and expands the methods of estimating traffic congestion costs done by Zenaida Manalo. Aside from Manalo's cost components for traffic congestion costs such as cost of man hour loss and fuel loss, this paper also explores air pollution as'a traffic congestion cost. The estimation of man-hour loss was improved by adding vehicle per capacity ratio into the equation and using average hourly wages instead of wage factors. This resulted in a figure far greater than Manalo's estimates. Manalo's estimates were smaller because of the use of wage factors that excessively deflated the opportunity cost of being stuck in traffic. In addition, Manalo's model did not totally capture traffic congestion, since it did not include road capacity into her equation. The estimation of fuel loss was improved by incorporating operating distances under heavy traffic conditions into the equation. This resulted in isolating the fuel loss due exclusively to traffic congestion. Pollution costs was added to traffic congestion costs since it posed a burden of cost to society (health problems and discomfort).enTrafficThesis