Browsing by Author "Esguerra, Emmanuel F."
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Item Restricted A case study on the default behavior, system of incentives and enforcement of organizational rules in a market-based cooperative(1997-04) Deveza, Lea Katrina F.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted A new way of looking at the human development perspective of poverty: a Philippine study(1999-10) Banawa, Gay Cheryl Aguilar; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Poverty has long been a distinct problem of the Philippines and the government continues to find ways and means of addressing this very common dilemma. Several methods are being used to explain the causes and indicators of inequality. This study addresses, in particular, United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index's implications. It is the purpose of the paper to test whether the three functions of HOI; health, knowledge, and standard of living, have a direct relationship to poverty incidence. It is also examined whether gender disparities affect poverty reduction. These are all in consideration of the assumption that increased human development and reduced gender inequality promotes poverty alleviation. Multiple regression analysis is employed in testing the hypotheses. The main objective of this study is to investigate the human development perspective of poverty. The key findings examined in detail are the negative relationships of poverty incidence to the three indicators of HOI functions; life expectancy, literacy and average income. Poverty incidence's remarkable sensitivity to male life expectancy and female literacy is analyzed. Finally, the researcher enumerated relevant recommendations. It is proposed for the government to concentrate on job-creating investments to increase the number of income earners. Lastly, policies and programs of the government are suggested to focus on enhancing the status of women because it will alleviate poverty to a large extent.Item Restricted A study on the effect of macroeconomic variables on passenger car sales(1997-04) Ong, Haidee; Sedeste, Shirley; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted A study on the effects of the Philippine Basketball Association on the sales of the teams' products(1997-04) Cruz-Herrera, Bernadette R.; De Jesus, Conrad V.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.This paper aims to find out the effects of having a team in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) on the sales of the team's products. A repeated measures design and a mean's test were used to determine the difference in sales of the products before entering the league and during the time they were in the league. A multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the relationship of performance in the PBA to the sales of the products. The results revealed that generally, sales of the products significantly increased after the products were carried by the teams in the I'BA. The mean's test conducted separately on each team showed that this is very true for Crispa, San Miguel, Pure foods, and repsi which showed a significant increase in their sales after joining the FBA. The results of the multiple regression analysis suggest that performance in the I'BA (winning percentage and the number of games played) is an insignificant factor in affecting the sales of the products carried by the teams.Item Restricted An analysis of commercial bank lending behavior to the manufacturing industries(1995-03) Layug, Jennifer N.; Tan, Iloila L.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.This paper posits a study of how the different macro-economic variables such as available reserves, lending rates, and indices of the value of production of the manufacturing and agricultural sectors affect the lending behavior of commercial banks to the manufacturing industry represented by the amount of manufacturing loans granted in a certain period. Through regression, the hypothesized relationships between these variables were tested. The analysis which follows was done in light of the results, keeping in mind the limitations inherent in and encountered during the study.Item Restricted An analysis of how well beer sales track economic performance: the Philippine case(1997-03) Hinto, Abigail Anne L.; Pelayo. Rossel Fatima U.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted An analysis of the differential in the farmgate and retail prices of chicken(1997-04) Sacdalan, Ma. Lourdes O.; Vicencio, Editha J.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted Aspects of provincial growth(1999-10-27) Cabrera, Kathlene; Ramiro, Glowillyn O.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.The study is patterned after numerous studies conducted which have aimed to estimate the determinants of growth. The study incorporated data at the provincial level in the Philippines. Data on this level was only made available beginning 1990 and growth at the provincial level has not been measured previously. The study found the relation of initial conditions to subsequent growth. Values of indicators for 1991 were proposed to explain the variation in average per capita income and average per capita expenditure in 1997. Determinants of growth were estimated as well as proxy indicators of expected significant variable categories. Indicators for education, infrastructure, social service expenditures, inequality, and agricultural conditions were incorporated in the study. The researchers included variables that could aptly describe the progress of a province. The study made use of twelve indicators that literature have suggested account for the variation of growth. Average farm size and average area irrigated describe the provincial agricultural situation. The combined cohort survival rate and the primary and secondary participation rates measure the effects of education on growth. Infrastructure is proxied by government appropriations for the construction of highways and bridges, and telephone systems. Expenditure on assistance for primary health care programs and for the implementation of programs for the elementary and secondary levels in education indicated social service outlays. Dummy variables to capture political instability, seat of government and extent of urbanization were incorporated in the model. Also, the researchers have performed regressions to determine the effect of the same determinants of growth to indicators of "quality of life", as proxied by health conditions prevailing in each province. The regression results highlighted the significance of initial expenditure inequality, participation and cohort survival rates for primary and secondary education, and government expenditures for health services on average per capita income (expenditure). The regression results show that only ARMM (Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao) which measures the effect of political instability to provincial growth is significant among the introduced dummy variables . The paper concludes that the government should allocate proportionately the budgets for each province more specifically in rural areas and those far from Luzon, assigning larger weights to basic health services and education. Investments in human capital through improvement in access to basic health services and education (primary and secondary rather than tertiary) are strongly associated with rapid economic growth. Also, low initial inequality benefits the poor both immediately and in the longer term through higher growth. (Bruno et al, 1995) With the presence of accurate provincial data, a measure of provincial growth will allow policymakers to clearly evaluate the needs of each province, being that there are cross-province variations, and allocate equitably their budgetary needs, the focus of which is on basic health services and basic education.Item Restricted Case study on petron labor unions(1999-10) Afable, Amkidit; Sioson, Quennie L.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted Child labor force participation in Taytay, Rizal(1997-04) Agtarap, Florina C.; Imperio, Raquel P.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted Determining the interplay between the services and manufacturing sectors in the Philippines and the role of services in expanding global value chain participation(2018-05-31) Sawali, Akkiara Symonn May Z. ; Servida, Marielle Faye D. ; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.This paper analyzes the interconnection between the manufacturing and services sectors which are the top performing sectors in the country. It looks at the shares of services embedded in manufacturing and computes for total and services backward linkages in the manufacturing industry. It turns out that services value-added in manufacturing has held an average growth rate of 48.87 percent throughout 2000 to 2011 increasingly growing at a considerable rate, paving a phenomenon described as the “servicification of manufacturing”. The paper also looks at services’ important role in cross-border value chains and into data that show which services sub-sector accounts for the most value-added in exports, specifically manufacturing exports. Findings show that the greatest share is held by the wholesale, retail, hotels, restaurants and transportation services.Item Restricted Efficacy of government assistance and some macroeconomic factors as determinants / on cooperatives' net surplus(1999-10) Uy, Kenneth T.; Cruz, Jaeson U.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted Empirical relationship of poverty to growth in Asia and the Pacific(1999-09) Aquino, Neil Norman C.; Naga, Omar-Sharief M.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted Employment impact of distortions in agricultural prices(1997-04) Abdula, Rahimaisa D.; Suministrado, Jasmin P.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted Factors affecting regional consumption in the Philippines(1999-09) Baking, Ma. Aurora Geraldine D.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Item Restricted Housing tenure and school participation: Pasay City(2010-10) Gonzales, Katrina Luisa R.; Villaflor, Mariella Andrea D.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.The purpose of this study is to determine how housing tenure affects elementary school participation in Pasay City. Using census data of Pasay City, obtained from CBMS, the results show that relative to sharers and other things, including the other tenure categories, constant, owning a home and being an informal settler has a statistically insignificant effect, while renting decreases school participation. The existing sub-classifications among renters in the Philippines, may however offer a possible explanation.Item Restricted Impact of community health resources on elementary school participation: Pasay City case(2010-04) Aclan, Dennis Bryan; Gregorio, Patrick Jayson; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.Education plays a crucial role in the economic growth and development of a nation. Various studies contributing to the economic literature has confirmed that indeed, education is an effective way to combat poverty and lessen inequality among citizens. One can look at education outcomes in number of ways; one of them is through school participation. Some studies have established a relationship between the health status of the child and his/her cognitive level. Studies on this subject have prompted us to explore more about this relationship. This study looks into how the level of health resources available in the community where the child lives affects his/her schooling participation. Using detailed census data of households in Pasay City, this thesis sought to determine how community level health resources affect the propensity of a child to participate in school. Results of this study confirm that health resources have a statistically significant effect on school participation after controlling for other individual and household variables. The effect of community-level health resources is found to be greater for females compared to that of males. The presence of health facilities (i.e. hospitals) in the barangay has the largest effect among the variables of interest. This is also true even for the gender-disaggregated model. This study supports the hypothesis that children living in community with good health resources are more likely to participate in school and therefore be more productive citizens in the long run. With improved health resources as a starting point, this result can be replicated for the whole country making it possible for us to attain our MDG of having 100% school participation by 2015. Achieving universal access to education will serve as the country's stepping stone towards a sustainable economic growth and development.Item Restricted Indices of exploitation in the Philippine manufacturing sector, 1965-1975(1976-01) Esguerra, Emmanuel F.; Guinigundo, Diwa C.; Jurado, Gonzalo M.Item Restricted Modelling the relationship between tropical storms and the internal migration decision in the Philippines(2018-03) Baldivia, Reese David H. ; Endrinal, Jose Francisco G. ; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.This paper explores the probability of internal (i.e. inter-provincial) migration in the Philippines as a result of tropical storms or typhoons. Using household head characteristics obtained from census of population and housing data and controlling for provincial factors like wages and employment in different provinces, we attempt to show a nationwide likelihood of internal migration for three five-year time periods - 1985-1990, 1995-2000, and 2005-2010 - and find out if tropical storms which occurred during those time periods had a significant role to play in the migration decision. Our study employs two models. In the first model, called the Frequency-Damage model, our findings suggest that, while the number of storms in a particular region and the total damages they cause are individually rather weak, their combined effects have a much larger magnitude and in fact make migration likely for the periods 1995- 2000 and 2005-2010. However, non-typhoon-related variables, especially employment differentials and other income differentials, generally have a larger effect than typhoon-related factors. In the second model, called the Push-Pull model, we determine that tropical storms have a minimal but nonzero effect on the strength of provincial characteristics to induce internal migration. In particular, tropical storms enhanced the positive migratory effect of both higher wages and higher employment rates in the periods 1985-1990 and 2005-2010 and of higher other income levels in the period 1985-1990.Item Restricted Murder: an economic inquiry(1999-10-29) Lee, Lester J.; Tan, Christopher B.; Esguerra, Emmanuel F.