BS Economics
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Item Restricted A study of fare scenarios and their effects on farebox revenues of the Manila metro rail transit system 3(2007-04) Martinez, Alya Regina L.; Tolentino, Francesca Veronica B.Item Restricted The impact of brain drain phenomenon to the Middle East on the welfare of the Filipinos(1981-01) Asensi, Ma. Lourdes P.; Collas-Monsod, SolitaItem Restricted Effect of proximity to Manila light rail transit system line 2 on the price of commercial lands(2019-02) Go, Sabrina Joyce U.; Lavadia, Meghan Elizabeth T.As the scene and the city horizon in Metro Manila changed so radically in the past few decades, partially attributable to the boom and bust cycles of land prices, it would be interesting to determine whether proximity to stations of the rail systems play a role in the prices of commercial land. We chose to focus on commercial land over residential land due to data constraints. We control for the following variables that could have an impact on land prices – infrastructure proxied by hospital, school, supermarket or mall, flood zone, population, and when the street contains a condominium building. We test for the location and accessibility theory of commercial lands in the urban area using the land prices obtained from the BIR, and distances calculated using the great circle distance formula. The two main models used in our study is the Ordinary Least Squares regression model (OLS) to determine the effect of distances of the LRT-2 stations on land prices, and the Difference in Difference regression model (DID) to show a comparison between the effect of distance on land values before and after the construction of LRT-2. The main limitation of our study is the lack of data to create a more comprehensive dataset. We suggest obtaining more observations in the future to further strengthen our results. Our findings suggest that the closer the street within a station’s 2 km radius was to its respective station, the higher the price placed on its land; the close proximity makes it more convenient for the public to access them, thus increasing the demand for the land in those areas, which subsequently leads to an increase in price.Item Restricted An econometric analysis of women's empowerment and fertility behavior in the Philippines(2018-12) Espinosa, Caren Ianne dela Merced; Thakur, Sean Angelo Agbulos; Magno, Cielo D.The Philippines witnessed a significant decline in total fertility rates over the last five decades. However, it continues to be the highest in the Southeast Asian region. In recent years, women’s empowerment has emerged as a prime focus for development efforts worldwide. With substantial evidence highlighting its effects on demographic outcomes, this paper underscores the importance of enhancing the social and economic footing of women in curbing fertility rates and in turn, fostering economic growth. The central assumption is that women with higher levels of empowerment prefer less children and use more contraception. Using data from the Philippine National Demographic Health (NDHS) 2013, it is found that this negative correlation holds in the local setting. Women who are employed and have access to resources use more contraceptives and desire a smaller family size. Higher levels of decision-making autonomy in the household also increase women’s ability to carry out their reproductive choices. Overall, it is illustrated that policies should be directed at improving women’s status and autonomy at the individual level, given substantial evidence that their roles in the private spheres of the household and relationships are more nuanced, and may have a stronger impact on their reproductive behavior.Item Restricted An analysis on the risk premium on wage in the context of the Philippine labor market(2018-12) Bergante, Blush Paulyn P.; Castillo, Reevien C.; Quimbo, Stella Luz A.; Solon, Orville Jose C.With the influx of job opportunities in the Philippines as the economy continues to grow, occupational injuries have also started increasing, which provides an avenue for compensating wage differentials (CWD) in order to attract workers to accept hazardous occupations. A number of related literature have contrasting results regarding this: some articles say that there is indeed a positive CWD for hazardous occupations (Kneisner and Leet 1991; Kostiuk 1990; Devi, Shanmugam, & Jayasree 2012) and some countries, where unemployment is relatively higher, have negative CWD. This means that workers in hazardous occupations have relatively lower wages than those in non-hazardous occupations (Holmlund 1983; Joyce et. al 2010; Knutsson 2003; Pietroiusti et. al 2010;Schernhammer 2001; Benavides 2000). With such, we use Adam Smith’s CWD theory to look for evidence of hazard premium in highly hazardous occupations in the labor market of Philippines to see if having a highly hazardous occupation really translates to higher wages. Our study uses a wage model to examine the wage differential between highly hazardous and non hazardous occupations. However, our study shows that in the group of occupations with significant results, we found that, generally, there is actually a negative estimate -- highly hazardous occupations have less wages compared to non-hazardous occupations. This finding is important as it could be a basis for policy intervention since the Philippines has an existing hazard pay scheme for public health workers, and having incentives/compensation for only a specific group of workers with highly hazardous occupation shows unfairness and inconsistency.Item Restricted The effect of father's overseas employment on alcohol and tobacco consumption among left-behind children in Metro Cebu: a panel data analysis(2017-05) Arimado, John Carlo M.; Balindong, Ali Pangalian III A.; Daway, Sarah Lynne S.The implications of labor migration and the growing number of transnational families on Filipino households, especially on left-behind children are becoming a growing concern. This paper primarily examines the relationship between having an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) father and the engagement of left-behind children in the “risky habits” of smoking and drinking alcohol. The study analyzes this relationship using a panel of over 1700 households from 2002 to 2005 in Metro Cebu from the Cebu Longitudinal Nutrition and Health Survey (CLNHS), employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Fixed Effects (FE) models. The results show that it is not having an OFW father per se that significantly affects the smoking behavior of left-behind children. Rather, it is having an OFW father, who is solely responsible for the upbringing of the child that results in higher smoking frequency of the left-behind child, indicating the importance of parental physical presence in deterring this “risky behavior” of the child. In terms of drinking behavior, the analysis suggests a similar relationship as smoking frequency with having an OFW father – at least in the OLS model. The analysis also shows that other variables, such as parental and peer influences, stress, educational attainment, and household and environmental characteristics, may also affect both the smoking and drinking habits among left-behind children.Item Restricted Communication technology and how it flattens the world: a study on the determinants of trade openness in lower income countries(2017-06) Alba, James Ryan C.; Tee, Royce Adrian T.; Daway, Sarah Lynne S.In this paper, we attempt to quantify the effects of communication technology on the willingness or openness of a country to engage in trade. The communication technologies that we focus on are cellular phones and the Internet. Given the great changes that occurred in communication technology over the past decade, it is beneficial to know just how much exactly it affects how a nation conducts its trade relations with other nations across the globe. Cell phones and Internet access have become necessities in this day and age and their value is intuitively positive. This paper features an OLS and a Fixed Effects regression on trade as a percentage of GDP as a stand-in for the willingness or openness to engage in trade as the dependent variable and broadband and cellular/mobile phones per 100 subscribers among other factors as the independent variables, restricting the sample to only low- and middle-income countries. Cellular subscriptions emerge as a robustly positive and significant determinant of openness to trade, implying that the increased presence of communication technology only serves to facilitate trade among developing economies. This also suggests that poorer or developing countries have a lot to gain in increasing the presence of communication technology within their borders.Item Restricted Are teachers more financially literate than the rest of the Philippine population?(2016-06) Galandines, Justine Maria Regina D.; Macasaet, Pamela Y.; Ravago, Majah-Leah V.Are teachers more financially literate than the rest of the population? We used data from the Consumer Finance Survey 2009 and Metrobank Foundation, Inc. and UPecon Foundation Inc.’s Survey of Outstanding Teachers under the project, “Economic Success and Awards: Impact Evaluation of the Metrobank Foundation Award for Outstanding Teacher” to answer this question. Using aspects of financial literacy, particularly financial behavior and financial attitude, we created an index for financial literacy. We then used OLS regressions to estimate how factors, including occupation (whether teacher or non-teacher), marital status, location, education, expenditures, household size, and gender, affect the financial literacy index. Results show that teachers have significantly higher financial literacy and financial behavior indices than that of the rest of the population. However, teachers do not have significantly higher financial attitude indices than that of the rest of the Philippine population. This indicates the importance of ensuring that teachers are capable of financial education through seminars, courses, trainings, and programs. It is vital that as we integrate financial education in the educational system, teachers are prepared with adequate financial knowledge, behavior, and attitude.Item Restricted A case study: the relationship between school resources and student achievement in Quezon City Science High School(2012-04) Domingo, Mareca; Oliveras, Joyce Ann; Mendoza, Ma. NimfaThis study was designed to investigate the relationship between student achievement and school resources. The study focused on one school only: Quezon City Science High School. One hundred students from each year, with a total of 400, were randomly selected as the sample of the study. Using survey data, the proponents were able to obtain both their dependent and independent variables. Independent variables are divided into three categories: student background, educational attainment of parents and job of each parent were the variables used. Under socio-economic status category, family income was used as an indicator. Lastly, indicators for school variables were weekly hours spent on science and computer laboratories, physical and club activities and daily study hours of students. An OLS regression was performed on each dependent variables namely: grades in English, Math and Science. Regression results suggests that mother's occupation and income, class size, science laboratory activities have significant relationship with Math grades. On the other hand, for the Science model, class size, hours spent in computer laboratories, science laboratory activities and club activities were found to have a negative relationship with Science grades. Lastly, for the English regression model, class size, science laboratory activities and club activities were found to have a negative relationship with English grades. At the end of the study, the authors hope that this study will help policy makers have better understanding of what is needed to be addressed and how the distribution and use of school resources might be improved. After all, a better quality of the educational system will have a substantial impact on every child's future, as well as the future of the country in general.Item Restricted Solid waste management of Metro Manila: a review(2008-04) Junio, Don Rodney O.Item Restricted Trade openness, employment and backsliding in the Philippines(2008-03) Garcia, Michel Eugene A.; Tan, Angeline Aurora F.This paper presents an empirical study on the relationship between trade openness and the general employment level using Philippine data. Moreover, it discusses the danger posed by backsliding policies. Our findings are as follows. First, using the aggregate data estimated through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), the paper shows that as the country moves towards a more open economy, the demand for labor is shifted upward. Trade openness in the long run results to positive growth in the employment level. On the other hand, the estimation reveals that under the implementation of trade policy reversals there is a decline in the demand for labor. These findings are consistent with the prospects of the Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin models of trade.Item Restricted The determinants of the incidence of strikes in the Philippines 1984 to 2000: a time series cross-regional analysis(2002-03) De Guzman, Melissa C.; Valderama, Mary Averose V.Item Restricted The Kuznets inverted U hypothesis: the Philippine case(2001-04) Morales, Cynthia Evangeline D.; Paraiso, Joyce L.; Alburo, FlorianItem Restricted Compensating wage of differentials and occupational risks a review of theory, empirical studies and measurement issues(1999-03) Linggo, Rosie Q.; Lor, Rey R.; Herrin, AlejandroItem Restricted A study of the determinants of city revenue performance in the Philippines over the period 1983 to 1987(1992-04) Capistrano, Aurora Carla B.; Cruz, Mary Ann S.; Medalla, FelipeItem Restricted The effects of government deficits and money creation on inflation and the balance of payments(1983-10) Ortiz, Ma. Lynette; Ortega, Jose Arturo; Miranda, Casimiro JrItem Restricted Effects of changes in interest rates on savings and time deposits during a time of economic crisis(1984-10) Samarista, Emma S.; Paqueo, VicenteItem Restricted the economics of small-scale pineapple growing of Tupi, South Cotabato(1982-03) Cortes, Edward M.; Hong, Jessica G.; Rustia, Wilhelmina J.; Bautista, RomeoItem Restricted Dropping of subjects in the university(1982-04) Baduria, Ma. Rita T.; Collas-Monsod, SolitaItem Restricted The labor force participation of married women in Batangas(1980-10) Reyes, Mirabel A.; De Leon, Shirley L.; Herrin, Alejandro