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    Does public insurance coverage affect treatment-seeking behavior of Filipinos? the impact of Philhealth insurance on choice of in-patient halth care facility
    (2011-04) Li, Kathleen Haw; Limgenco, Jeanne Rachel T.; Kraft, Aleli D.
    As mandated by the law, the Philippines must have achieved universal insurance for its citizens by Although Although it still has not succeeded, it is critical to study to the effects of the social PhiiHealth, insurance, PhiiHealth, on the treatment-seeking Filipinos of Filipinos to better be able to focus the government's efforts in With the lives. With this as the main motivation, the study used National Demographic the Health Survey National Demographic and Health The Heckman-Probit estimating the results. The Heckman-Probit model was implemented, primarily having a selection This to eradicate the non-response bias. This answers the question of whether or not a PhiiHealth insurance will have himself confined given Follows PhiiHealth insurance coverage and his health status. Follows is the probit The which involves those who agree to inpatient healthcare. The main question of this thesis is answered, which is the type of healthcare facility Phil Health to be The in, given the type of their Phil Health insurance coverage. The results have shown that those who are covered Among the said insurance are more likely to avail of inpatient healthcare. Among those who are confined, the paying members This their dependents are the ones who prefer private health facilities over public counterparts. This is in line Those the findings of previous studies regarding the presence of moral hazard in the industry. Those who pay premium for their insurance tend to use and take advantage their benefits more than those who are indigent members.
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    The impact of public health spending on growth: a cross-country study
    (2005-03) Capule, Haydee; Talledo, Harold Christian S.; Alburo, Florian
    This paper determines the impact of public health spending (as a percentage of total government expenditure) on economic growth as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) in 78 countries worldwide, taken from the year 2001. The framework used is modified Solow model that incorporates investment in physical capital as measured by Gross Capital Formation, and human capital as measured by health outcomes (life expectancy, infant and under-five (child) mortality). Empirical findings show that the effect of public health spending on health outcomes are positive, but of little significance. A small amount of research on the impact of the outcomes on growth reveals that the evidence of viewing health as one of the more effective arrows in the development is growing stronger. Econometric analysis shows that there is indeed a positive and significant impact of public health spending on the chosen measures of health status. However, empirical results show that there exists an inverse relationship between the chosen health outcomes and economic growth. This does not imply, though, that the literature is invalidated. This could be explained by the possibility that since the chosen value for public health spending is an aggregate of different health components, the impact may be indirect, that is, it goes through other channels that are not specified in this paper for they may be unobservable or immeasurable.
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    The determinants of local government health expenditures in the provinces of the Philippines
    (2005-04-06) How, Joseph Gregory H.; Melendres, Carl Vincent A.; Tan, Edita
    Many functions were devolved to local government units with the passage of the 1991 Local Government Code, including the majority of health services. A number of problems faced by the decentralized health sector bring doubt to the efficiency gains from decentralization. This paper uses cross-sectional time-series regressions analyzing 2001 to 2003 data in studying how local government health expenditures are determined. It finds that local governments are sensitive to local health needs, as indicated by higher health spending in areas with poorer health status. Local governments with more financial resources are found to spend more on health care per capita. The management of more hospitals is another factor that leads to higher local government health spending. Substitution effects between DOH and local government health spending are observed, indicating that higher DOH spending leads to a reduction in the responsiveness of local governments to local health needs and responsibilities. The study also uses regressions to examine whether public health expenditures in 2001 affected health status in the following year. The regression results do not indicate that provinces with higher public health spending in 2001 enjoyed better health in the following year. This may mean that public health expenditures are ineffective. However, the possibility that it may take more than one year-for public health expenditures to lead to observable benefits should not be ignored.
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    An analysis of hospital production function
    (2007-11) Arreza, Glenn Ivan O.; Flores, Floyd Angelo M.; Tan, Edita
    The analysis of production is based on the concept of production function. Way back to the 1960's, different studies on the estimation of production functions have been done with others a combination with cost functions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the hospital production function in the Philippines and to find possibilities of input substitution in the production function. A context analysis was performed utilizing the statistical reports (specifically in the year 2004) submitted by the different hospitals in the country. Since previous studies regarding hospital production functions were done abroad, this study offers the same approach but is using Philippine data behind the estimation of the hospital production function.
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    Philippine health inequality: measurement and decomposition 1980 and 2000
    (2008-01) Aduana, Leova Rose D.; Kabigting, Genellene Vanessa V.; Kraft, Aleli
    This paper estimates the extent of overall health inequality in the Philippines. Child mortality rates of provinces and regions are computed to proxy for the health status of the population. Concentration indices for each region are generated to measure the degree of health inequality. This paper finds that although health status improved from 1980 to 2000, as shown by the decrease in the child mortality rates of all provinces and regions, the degree of national health inequality has increased favoring more affluent regions and provinces. Decomposing the contribution of inequalities in the determinants of health, we find that inequalities in education and access to health care services contribute significantly to the extent of socioeconomic health inequality in the country. In addition, the economic status of women explains the level of child mortality across regions. Evidence of health inequality and its causes implies the need for a careful review of health policies.
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    Price variation of pharmaceutical products across some asian countries
    (2008-10) Dela Cruz, Richard Joseph R.; Rosales, Enriquito Ramon C.; Tan, Edita
    This thesis attempts to explain price discrimination of pharmaceutical products in Asia, particularly India, Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines by looking into the market structure of the industry using the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. This thesis will explore the firm's degree of market power and the effort of the industry and the government to prevent arbitrage. The thesis would also look into the differences between the selected countries' pharmaceutical industry.
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    Impact of public health spending on educational outcomes
    (2008-10) Marcos, Anna Maria M.; Sombillo, Renee M.; Alonzo, Ruperto
    This study aims to assess the significance of public health spending and health status on educational outcomes of public elementary students. Public health spending was approximated by local government expenditure on Health, Nutrition, and Population Control while school leavers rate, cohort survival rate, and net enrollment rate were used as indicators of educational outcome. The variables used as health indicators were percentage of households with access to safe water, prevalence of diarrhea and prevalence of pneumonia. The study was conducted on the regional level (covering 17 regions of the Philippines) from 2002 to 2004. Regression results do not provide conclusive findings regarding the effect of public health spending and health status on educational outcomes although these results provide sufficient attestation to the positive correlation of public health spending and educational outcomes.
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    The effect of Philhealth coverage and utilization on individual out-of-pocket spending
    (2010-10) Abaoag, Marc Benjamin M.; Cabiles, Catherine Anne C.; Desierto, Desiree
    Health has been an immediate concern as countries try to maximize their overall productivity through promoting individual welfare. The recent years have seen the rise of health insurance as a means to address such concern, as well as the rapidly increasing health expenditures. This paper examines the effect of social health insurance (SHI) system in the Philippines, more commonly known as PhilHealth, on out-of-pocket spending. Using data from the Quality Improvement Demonstration Study (QIDS), the study applies econometric methods to determine the relationship between the variables of interest. Results suggest that people who are covered by PhilHealth have a lower degree of out-of-pocket spending compared to the uninsured. Furthermore, among the PhilHealth insured, higher out-of-pocket spending is incurred by those who used their insurance compared to those who did otherwise. Albeit the data has been tested empirically and results appear significant, different approaches to the study are still suggested.
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    Women empowerment and implications on child health care: evidence from the Philippines
    (2010-10) Salvador, Jolina Gail M.; Sokoken, Penny Laine N.; Capuno, Joseph J.
    This paper aims to investigate the link between women empowerment, as measured by a mother's participation in decision-making in the household, and the probability of a child receiving the complete recommended vaccinations of measles, BCG, polio, DPT and Hepatitis B. Increasing mother's participation and control over purchases of household daily needs and over the husband's earnings, whether individual or joint with her husband, would raise the chances of a child receiving the indicated recommended vaccinations. In investigating the link between women empowerment and the probability of a child receiving the complete recommended vaccinations, bivariate logistic regression was used since a binary dependent variable and a binary endogenous independent variable were utilized. To account for endogeneity of mother's bargaining power, instrumental variables such as marital status of the mother, where the husband lives and the duration of the marriage, were included in the regression model.